From Coexistence to Cooperation: Religious Moderation, Civil Pluralism, and Interfaith Social Capital in Kampung Pondok

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v12i1.10973

Keywords:

Religious Moderation, Civic Pluralism, Interfaith Social Capital, Interfaith Cooperation, Minangkabau Local Wisdom

Abstract

Religious moderation is increasingly promoted as a framework for managing religious diversity in Indonesia, yet its everyday grassroots practices remain underexplored. This study examines how religious moderation is constructed and sustained among Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, and Confucian communities in Kampung Pondok, Padang. Using a qualitative case study, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings show that religious moderation operates through two interconnected dimensions: preventive and constructive. The preventive dimension is reflected in inclusive social norms, mutual restraint, and informal mechanisms that reduce potential religious tensions. The constructive dimension emerges through interfaith dialogue, reciprocal assistance, collective responsibility, and sustained cultural interaction. These practices are reinforced by Minangkabau local wisdom, which strengthens civic pluralism, interpersonal trust, and interfaith social capital. The study argues that religious moderation functions not only as a mechanism for preventing conflict but also as a productive social process that transforms passive coexistence into active interfaith cooperation. This grassroots perspective offers insights into resilient religious pluralism in Indonesia and other diverse Southeast Asian societies.

References

Aprilianto, Dwi, Siti Suwaibatul Aslamiyah, Salman Zahidi, Nihaya Alifiya Crisnasari, and Trista Febbrianti. “Religious Moderation as a Counter-Narrative of Intolerance in Schools and Universities.” Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 6, no. 1 (2025): 188–212. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i1.1361.

Athoillah, Sukijan, Muhammad Khakim Ashari, and Muhammad Badat Alauddin. “Religious Digital Literacy of Urban Muslim Society in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review.” AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 28, no. 2 (2023): 141–160. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v28i2.7088.

Barth, F. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969.

Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Anchor Books, 1966.

Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Forms of Capital.” In Handbook of Theory and Reserch for the Sociology of Education, edited by J. Richardson. London: Greenwood Press, 1986.

Brown, W. Regulating Aversion: Tolerance in the Age of Identity and Empire. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006.

Burhani, A. N. “Religious Diversity in Indonesia: Between Religious Tolerance and Religious Harmony.” Studia Islamika 23, no. 1 (2016): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v23i1.3153.

Burrell, Darrell Norman, and Emad Rahim. “Developing Inclusive Leaders with Religious Literacy in the Workplace.” Leadership 14, no. 5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150187937.

Castells, M. The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Vol. 1. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.

Çokgezen, Murat. “Can the State Make You More Religious? Evidence from Turkish Experience.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 61, no. 2 (2022): 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12785.

Davids, Nuraan. “Islam, Moderation, Radicalism, and Justly Balanced Communities.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 37, no. 3 (2017): 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2017.1384672.

Dharta, Firdaus Yuni, Tri Susanto, Reddy Anggara, Fajar Hariyanto, and Hendry Roris P. Sianturi. “MUI’s Fatwa on Interfaith Greetings and Religious Tolerance: Can Indonesia Find a Middle Ground?” Frontiers 10 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1537568.

Driessen, Michael Daniel. “Interreligious Dialogue, Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding: A Review.” Religions 16, no. 2 (2025): 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020150.

Habermas, J. The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press, 1984.

Hanafi, Yusuf, Muhammad Lukman Arifianto, Muhammad Saefi, Hanik Mahliatussikah, Faris Khoirul Anam, Abd Rauf Hassan, and Muhammad Fahmi Hidayatullah. “Sentiment Prevalence on Jihad, Caliphate, and Bid’ah Among Indonesian Students: Focusing on Moderate-Radical Muslim Group Tension.” Cogent Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2054532.

Handayani, Puji Ayu, and Dinie Anggraeni Dewi. “Implementasi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 1 (2021): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v5i1.1439.

Handoyo, Sofik. “Public Governance and National Environmental Performance Nexus: Evidence from Cross-Country Studies.” Heliyon 10, no. 23 (2024): e40637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40637.

Haqqullah, Moh. Wasil, and Harisah Harisah. “Religious Moderation Villages and Interreligious Tolerance: Implementation, Successes, and Challenges in Pamekasan, Indonesia.” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia (JSAI) 6, no. 1 (2025): 16–28. https://doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v6i1.6461.

Harsono, Jusuf, and Abubakar Eby Hara. “From Reaction to Renewal: Civil Islam and the Moral Resilience of Moderate Muslims in Post-212 Indonesia.” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 24, no. 1 (2026): 96–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2025.2589040.

Hefner, Robert W. “Islam and Covenantal Pluralism in Indonesia: A Critical Juncture Analysis.” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 18, no. 2 (2020): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2020.1753946.

———. “Tolerance and Democratic Civility in Indonesian Islam.” In Indonesian Islam in a New Era, 91–109. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2019.

Hook, Joshua N., Jennifer E. Farrell, Kathryn A. Johnson, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Don E. Davis, and Jamie D. Aten. “Intellectual Humility and Religious Tolerance.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 12, no. 1 (2017): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1167937.

Hurriyah. “Dynamics of Shrinking Religious Freedom in Post-Reformasi Indonesia.” JSEAHR: Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 4, no. 2 (2020): 335–356. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v4i2.19546.

Iqbal, Muhammad, and Kerry S. O’Brien. “The Relationship Between Existential Anxiety, Political Efficacy, Extrinsic Religiosity and Support for Violent Extremism in Indonesia.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, no. Special issue on Radicalization in the Asia-Pacific Region: Themes and Concepts (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2022.2034221.

Ishak, Nurfaika. “Pengaturan Konstitusional Toleransi Beragama dalam Mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia.” Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya 25, no. 1 (2023): 22–30. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v25i1.3959.

Jayadi, Suparman, and Abdul Rasyid Ridho. “Practicing Religious Moderation among Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus in North Lombok.” Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah Dan Studi Keagamaan 12, no. 2 (2024): 271–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v12i2.27903.

Jeon, Ki Seok, and Byoung Kwon Choi. “Workplace Spirituality, Organizational Commitment, and Life Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Religious Affiliation.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 34, no. 5 (2021): 1125–1143. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-01-2021-0012.

Kato, T. Adat Minangkabau dan Merantau dalam Perspektif Sejarah. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2005.

Kato, Tsuyoshi. Matriliny and Migration: Evolving Minangkabau Traditions in Indonesia. United Kingdom: Equinox Publishing, 2007.

Lebang, Henriette T. Hutabarat. “Spirituality of Moderation: Ecumenical Responses to Human Greed – An Indonesian Experience.” International Review of Mission 111, no. 1 (2022): 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/irom.12414.

Liem. “Wawancara dengan Salah Seorang Tetua di Komunitas Buddha Tionghoa.” Kota Padang, 2025.

Makmur, Riniwaty. Orang Padang Tionghoa - Dima Bumi Dipijak, Disinan Langik Dijunjuang. Jakarta: Kompas Penerbit Buku, 2019.

Makmur, Riniwaty, Engkus Kuswarno, Evi Novianti, and Nuryah Asri Sjafirah. “Bahasa Minang Pondok dalam Komunikasi Antarbudaya Masyarakat Tionghoa Kota Padang.” Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi 6, no. 2 (2018): 133–146. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v6i2.15302.

Marwan. “Wawancara dengan Salah Satu Warga di Kampung Pondok.” Kota Padang, 2025.

MF, Moh. Shofiyul Huda, Tasmin, and Muhammad Ayman Al-Akiti. “Habitus of Harmony and Digital Adaptation: Interreligious Coexistence in Rural Indonesia during the Disruptive Era.” Religion: Journal of Inter-Religious and Cross-Cultural Studies 9, no. 2 (2025): 145–166. https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v9i2.44772.

Modood, T. Multiculturalism: A Civic Idea. 2nd ed. New York: Polity Press, 2013.

Mouffe, C. On the Political. London: Routledge, 2005.

Mufi, Akhmad Munir, Aminullah Elhady, and Mursalim. “Internalization of Religious Moderation Values: Active Tolerance and Social Harmony in Education in Indonesia.” Jurnal El-Tarbawi 16, no. 1 (2023): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.20885/tarbawi.vol16.iss1.art1.

Mulyanti, Vita, and Kurnia Muhajarah. “Religious Moderation as a Bridge to Peace: Fostering Tolerance, Mutual Understanding, and Interfaith Dialogue.” JISMB: Jurnal Indonesia Studi Moderasi Beragama 2, no. 1 (2025): 35–45. https://ojs.aeducia.org/index.php/jismb/article/view/213.

Noer, Aprizal. “Profil Kelurahan Kampung Pondok di Kecamatan Padang Barat.” AyoSumbar.id, 2025. https://www.ayosumbar.id/profil-kelurahan-kampung-pondok-di-kecamatan-padang-barat/.

Parekh, B. Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. 2nd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

Pertiwi, Zainura Nada, and Desi Fitria Rahmadani. “The Dynamics of Religious Moderation in The Prevention of Religious Conflict in Multicultural Communities: A Case Study of Pakelan Village, Pancasila Village, Kediri City.” IJORESCO: International Journal of Religion and Social Community 1, no. 2 (2023): 43–62. https://doi.org/10.30762/ijoresco.v1i2.3417.

Prastanto, Sandy. “Wali Kota Padang Siapkan Kampung Pondok Jadi Kampung Moderasi Beragama.” Tempo, April 21, 2024. https://www.tempo.co/info-tempo/wali-kota-padang-siapkan-kampung-pondok-jadi-kampung-moderasi-beragama-51166.

Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks, 2000.

Putra, Perdana, and Rachmawati. “Rekor Muri 10.000 Bacang dan Lamang Digelar di Padang Saat Libur Lebaran.” Kompas.Com, May 29, 2019. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/05/29/14421591/rekor-muri-10000-bacang-dan-lamang-digelar-di-padang-saat-libur-lebaran?page=all.

Rahmi. “Wawancara dengan Salah Satu Tokoh Pemudi Kampung Pondok.” Kota Padang, 2025.

Ramadhani, Syahru. “Wawancara dengan Lurah Kampung Pondok.” Kota Padang, 2025.

Rizdki, Nursyirwan, and Ediwar. “Kesenian Gambang Sebagai Identitas Cina di Kampung Pondok Kota Padang.” Jurnal Bercadik ISI Padang Pandang 2, no. 1 (2017): 170–181. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/bcdk.v2i1.37.

Roni. “Wawancara dengan Salah Satu Tokoh Agama Lokal.” Kota Padang, 2025.

Rosmaladewi, Okke, and Dilla Tarasyabani Poetri. “Study of Environmental-Based School Model in Village Around Protected Village Areas (Case Study: Barusari Village, Indonesia).” Journal NX 6, no. 06 (2020): 197–204.

Salmadanis. “Wawancara dengan Ketua FKUB Kota Padang.” Kota Padang, 2025.

Sandal, Nukhet A. “Framing Religious Outbidding: Al-Qaida, Islamic State, and Intra-Religious Competition.” Politics, Religion dan Ideology 22, no. 3–4 (2021): 461–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2021.1968841.

Sari, Ratna, and Fatma Ulfatun Najicha. “Memahami Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat.” HARMONY 7, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15294/harmony.v7i1.

Setiawan, Anton. “Menyusuri Jejak Tionghoa di Ranah Minang.” Indonesia.go.id. Accessed April 21, 2025. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/budaya/6823/menyusuri-jejak-tionghoa-di-ranah-minang?lang=1.

Sjofjan, Kezia Natalia, and Suzy S. Azeharie. “Studi Komunikasi Budaya di Kota Padang (Akulturasi Budaya Minangkabau pada Etnis Tionghoa di Kota Padang).” Koneksi 2, no. 2 (2019): 409–416. https://doi.org/10.24912/kn.v2i2.3917.

Suma, I Made Markus, Patrio Tandiangga, Frans Fandy Palinoan, and Carolus Patampang. “Implementation of Religious Moderation Values in the School Environment to Foster an Attitude of Tolerance.” JKP: Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 13, no. 1 (2025): 219–225. https://doi.org/10.29210/1115400.

Yusuf, Fakhri, T Murdani, Fairus Fairus, Rasyidah Rasyidah, Jarnawi Jarnawi, Ahmad Zuhdi, and Syamsuddin AB. “Wasatiyyah Da’wah and Religious Freedom in Malaysia: A Constitutional Perspective.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 13, no. 2 (2025): 1527–1548. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i2.1452.

Zainuddin, HM. “Idul Fitri, Natal Dan Kerukunan Umat Beragama.” GEMA: Media Informasi dan Kebijakan Kampus. April 17, 2013. https://uin-malang.ac.id/r/131101/idul-fitri-natal-dan-kerukunan-umat-beragama.html.

Zaluchu, Sonny, Priyantoro Widodo, and Agus Kriswanto. “Conceptual Reconstruction of Religious Moderation in the Indonesian Context Based on Previous Research: Bibliometric Analysis.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 11, no. 2 (2025): 101552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101552.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-04

How to Cite

Eliza, Samad, D., Erwin, Fahmi, K., & Hadi, R. T. (2026). From Coexistence to Cooperation: Religious Moderation, Civil Pluralism, and Interfaith Social Capital in Kampung Pondok. Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic and Social Studies, 12(1), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v12i1.10973

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): June 2026

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Eliza, Duski Samad, Erwin, Khairul Fahmi, Rahmad Tri Hadi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.