From Fiqh to National Law: Transformation of Legal Maxims in Indonesian Marriage Law

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i2.11671

Keywords:

Fiqh Principles, Indonesian Marriage, Islamic Law, Legal Maxims, Marriage Reform

Abstract

This study aims to explain the nature and legal status of qawāʿid fiqhiyyah according to Islamic legal scholars and to analyze their relevance and functional transformation in Indonesian marriage regulations, particularly the Compilation of Islamic Law. This library-based study employs a qualitative approach, drawing on classical and contemporary books, legal texts, and scholarly works concerning fiqh legal maxims, Islamic legal theory, jurisprudence, and marriage law. Data were collected through systematic literature study and analyzed using content analysis and descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that fiqh legal maxims constitute generalized principles formulated through jurists’ extensive reasoning concerning recurring fiqh issues and generally possess a ẓannī status. Their evidentiary position encompasses complementary and, according to some scholarly views, independent functions; nevertheless, the majority of scholars recognize them primarily as complementary evidence in legal determination. The study further identifies substantial relevance between fiqh legal maxims and Indonesian marriage regulations, particularly the Compilation of Islamic Law, across ten areas, including marriage registration, mahr, marriage agreements, ta‘līq al-ṭalāq, marital rights and obligations, marriage prohibitions, and ‘iddah. The study concludes that the movement from fiqh to national law reflects a functional transformation whereby legal maxims provide interpretive and complementary principles within a codified marriage-law framework. Academically, this study contributes to understanding how classical Islamic legal reasoning is adapted and incorporated into contemporary Indonesian marriage law.

References

Agha, K. D. M., El Nafad, M. I., & Hadi, S. (2024). Unravelling the threads: Bibliometric exploration of Islamic family law research in Southeast Asia (2004–2024). Nurani, 24(2), 345–359. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i2.24755

Berkah, D., & Sawarjuwono, T. (2019). Inheritance wealth distribution model and its implication to economy. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.731

Budiman, A. A., Saifullah, M., & Ulum, B. (2024). Wajibah will for non-Muslim heirs in Indonesia: A legal political perspective based on justice and welfare. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 24(2), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v24i2.223-250

Bukido, R., Azzochrah, N. A., Zakariah, A. A., & Paikah, N. (2025). Divorce among female Muslim civil servants: Legal perspectives in Indonesia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 25(1), 85–116. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v25i1.85-116

Darussamin, Z., & Zikri, A. (2023). The urgency of maturity to get married and its relevance to family life goals. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(1), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.5324

Nasrul, M. A. D., Manaf, Z. I. A., Syafril, S., & Fathurrohman, M. (2021). An overview of the inheritance legal system in Malaysia and Indonesia: Issues faced by both countries. Journal of Shariah Law Research, 6(2), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.22452/jslr.vol6no2.3

Fathoni, A. M., Sulaeman, M., Azizah, E. A. N., Styawati, Y., & Ramadhan, M. U. C. (2024). The new direction of Indonesian character education: Bullying, moral decadence, and juvenile delinquency. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 21(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v21i1.7759

Fikri, F., Bedong, M. A. R., Salim, M., Muthalib, S. A., & Abubakar, A. (2023). Transformation of maqasid shariah in divorce mediation in religious courts: Revitalization of the Bugis-Mandar customs, Indonesia. Samarah, 7(1), 431–454. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.9141

Hayat, M. J. (2022). Preaching Islamic legal rules on screen: Conservatism on Islamic family law in digital-based dakwah program Mamah dan Aa Beraksi. Al-Jamiah, 60(2), 427–466. https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2022.602.427-466

Hedi, F., & Anshori, A. G. (2017). Legal policy of interfaith marriage in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 3(3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1297

Jafar, W. A., Zaki, M., & Mahmudah, S. (2025). Gender justice in the concept of iddah: A contextual reading of Al-Kasani's thought for working women in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani, 12(2), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i2.7683

Jauhari, I., Thaib, Z. B. H., Jafar, M., Bahar, T. A., Jamil, M., Yusuf, M., & Dahlan, Z. (2023). The Quran and Islamic legal perspectives on child protection. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(4). https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.417

Jones, B., & Aftab, A. (2023). Inside Indonesia's religious courts: An argument for domestic and family violence screening and exemption from compulsory mediation. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 12(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad015

Kamarusdiana, K., Yusuf, B., Hakim, M. R., & Dahri, H. (2022). Pre-marital education: Concepts and regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia. Al-Ahkam, 32(1), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.10709

Kasjim. (2016). Abuse of Islamic law and child marriage in South-Sulawesi Indonesia. Al-Jamiah, 54(1), 95–122. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2016.541.95-122

Khoiroh, M., & Syakur, A. (2023). The flexibility of Islamic law in the Ganjur tradition in Lamongan, Indonesia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(2), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i2.139-159

Kholidah, Ridho, M., Sobhan, & Ritonga, M. (2023). Violation of women's rights on divorce: Study on religious court decision. Relacoes Internacionais No Mundo Atual, 4(42), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v4i42.6029

Ma'u, D. H. (2023). The harmonization of polygamy between Islamic law and legal law in Indonesia. Samarah, 7(2), 669–686. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.8519

Maloko, M. T., Chotban, S., & Fuady, M. I. N. (2024). Analyzing the prohibition of interfaith marriage in Indonesia: Legal, religious, and human rights perspectives. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2308174

Mardiantari, A., & Dwilestari, I. (2021). Children's right to get exclusive breastfeeding in the Islamic law perspective. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 21(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V21I2.231-246

Marwinata, P., Jannah, S., & Siroj, A. M. (2024). Religious moderation and family resilience in the City of Malang, Indonesia: The historical perspectives of the Islamic law. Samarah, 8(1), 236–256. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.19821

Mawardi, A. I., & Riza, A. K. (2019). Why did Kompilasi Hukum Islam succeed while its counter legal draft failed? A political context and legal arguments of the codification of Islamic law for religious courts in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(2), 421–453. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.421-453

Mustofa, K. N., Fakhria, S., Quintana, M. K., Tauziri, Y., & Nainin, D. M. (2024). Religious authority and family law reform in Indonesia: The response and influence of the Indonesian Ulema Council on interfaith marriage. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 23(2), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i2.11849

Nabilah, W., Putra, R., Afroo, F. A., Nurjanah, N., & Wahyuni, E. (2025). Between protection and permissiveness: A fiqh siyasah reexamination of marriage dispensation in Indonesia. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 24(1), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v24i1.11882

Nasir, M. A. (2016). Islamic law and paradox of domination and resistance: Women's judicial divorce in Lombok, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Social Science, 44(1–2), 78–103. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04401006

Nasyiah, I. (2024). Urgency of fatwa on domestic psychological violence in Indonesia as an effort to protect women's rights. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar'iah, 16(1), 118–140. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i1.26403

Nur, E. R., Mu'in, F., & Hamsidar, H. (2023). The reconstruction of the livelihood concept from a mubadalah perspective in Lampung Province. Samarah, 7(3), 1897–1920. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.17613

Nurjanah, S., Syarifudin, A., Baidhowi, M. M., Mahmudi, E., & Darussalam, H. (2025). Children's rights in Islamic law: A contemporary study of family practices. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 4(2), 933–953. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i2.10077

Nurlaelawati, E. (2020). Expansive legal interpretation and Muslim judges' approach to polygamy in Indonesia. Hawwa, 18(2–3), 295–324. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341380

Rachmadhani, F., Sahid, M. M., & Ichsan, M. (2024). The use of sadd al-dhariah in contemporary Islamic family law in Indonesia: Concept and practice. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 12(1), 206–215. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no1.505

Rasyid, A., Lubis, R. F., & Saleh, I. (2024). Contestation of customary law and Islamic law in inheritance distribution: A sociology of Islamic law perspective. Al-Ahkam, 34(2), 419–448. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.2.20843

Ridwan, M. S., Abdullah, W., & Idham, I. (2024). Public perception of polygamy in Makassar, Indonesia: Cultural perspective and Islamic law. Samarah, 8(1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.15419

Rifqi, M. A., Syu'aib, K., & Zin, N. B. M. (2023). The timing analysis of inheritance distribution in the Compilation of Islamic Law. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 23(2), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v23i2.1431

Rinaldo, R. (2019). Obedience and authority among Muslim couples: Negotiating gendered religious scripts in contemporary Indonesia. Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review, 80(3), 323–349. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sry045

Rismayanti, T., Setiyanto, D. A., & Auzai, M. (2022). Long-distance relationship family resilience strategy and its relevance to the development of Islamic family law in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 132–158. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v3i2.842

Rouf, A., Ch, M., & Mahmudi, Z. (2023). Joint property division in Indonesia: A gender equality viewpoint. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar'iah, 15(2), 230–250. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i2.23050

Rozikin, O., Mukhlas, O. S., Rosadi, A., Fauzia, I., Ahyani, H., & Adnan, N. I. M. (2025). Contextualizing maqasid al-shariah in indigenous legal practices: A comparative study of family resilience in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar and Kampung Naga. Nurani, 25(2), 344–362. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v25i2.27760

Saepullah, U. (2019). Inter-religious marriage in Islamic and Indonesian law perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 7(1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v7i1.317

Sakai, M., & Fauzia, A. (2016). Performing Muslim womanhood: Muslim business women moderating Islamic practices in contemporary Indonesia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 27(3), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2015.1114243

Shesa, L., Dzar, M. A., & Utami, H. S. (2024). Reformulating progressive fiqh of talak (divorce): A contemporary study of the principle of making divorce more difficult in SEMA No. 1 of 2022 for women's protection. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(2), 236–262. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9950

Shukri Nordin, Z., Ruslan, I., Hamzah, N., & Darmadi, D. (2025). Integrating Islamic law and customary law: Codification and religious identity in the Malay Buyan community of Kapuas Hulu. Journal of Islamic Law, 6(1), 89–111. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v6i1.3410

Sirait, A. S., Nurhotia, Hidayat, T., & Harahap, R. B. (2024). Assessing criminal penalties in marriage law: A comparative study of policy frameworks within Indonesian and Malaysian legislation. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 18(2), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11208

Siregar, P. M. (2021). Relevance of the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council to the renewal of Islamic family law in Indonesia (Study of MUI Fatwa Number: 4/MUNAS VII/MUI/8/2005 on marriage of different religions). Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani, 8(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v8i1.2701

Subeitan, S. M. (2022). Forced marriage: Implementation of the mandatory provisions of the bride's consent in Indonesia. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 21(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5581

Syahri, A., Hamamah, F., Gafur, A., & Sholeh, A. (2024). Fulfillment of the living rights of children the victims of divorce in the Muslim community of Lombok, Indonesia. El-Usrah, 7(1), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.22281

Syaikhu, S., Al Amruzi, M. F., Mujiburrahman, M., & Norwili, N. (2023). Legal harmonization in the distribution of inheritance in the Dayak Ngaju community in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Samarah, 7(1), 195–215. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.12410

Syatar, A., Bakry, M., Ali Rusdi Bedong, M., & Pallawagau, B. (2023). The development of fatwas based on local wisdom to the national level: A case study of Panaik Money Fatwa. El-Mashlahah, 13(2), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i2.7373

Taufiqurrohman, A. H. A., Muhtar, M. H., Kasim, N. M., & Imran, S. Y. (2024). The role of Islamic law, constitution, and culture in democracy in the UAE and Indonesia. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 24(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i1.33155

Tobing, R. D. (2018). Prevention of child marriage age in the perspective of human rights. Sriwijaya Law Review, 2(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol2.Iss1.107.pp1-17

Tono, S., Syibly, M. R., Mu'allim, A., Nurozi, A., & Purwanto, M. R. (2019). The harmonious relationship between Minangkabau custom and Islam in the distribution of inheritance. Al-Shajarah, 2019(Special Issue Sharia and Law), 39–55. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85079488642

Trigiyatno, A. (2022). Dharar as a reason for divorce lawsuit in fiqh and legislation of some Muslim countries: Study on Indonesia, Bahrain, Sudan, Qatar, and Morocco. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 7(1), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.3368

Widiartana, G., Setyawan, V. P., & Anditya, A. W. (2025). Exploring restorative justice in domestic violence cases. Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues, 3(3), 641–666. https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v3i3.87

Zaelani, A. Q., Harir Muzakki, M., & Syafi'i, I. (2023). Endogamous marriage of Prophet's descendants on the perspective of sociology of Islamic law. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 18(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i1.7132

Downloads

Published

2025-09-28

How to Cite

Is, M. F., Palawi, J. T., Ramadhansyah, F., & Mohammad Som, H. B. (2025). From Fiqh to National Law: Transformation of Legal Maxims in Indonesian Marriage Law. USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(2), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v3i2.11671

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fadhlan Is, Jhon Tyson Palawi, Fery Ramadhansyah, Hairullfazli Bin Mohammad Som

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.