Pendekatan Maqasid as-Syari'ah terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia: Menyelaraskan Prinsip Kebebasan dan Kemaslahatan

Authors

  • Rachman Iqbal Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
  • Rahman Alwi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30983/jilaw.v1i2.10238

Keywords:

Maqasid al-Shari'ah, Human Rights, Freedom, Benefit, Social Justice

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the maqasid al-syari'ah approach to Human Rights (HAM) with a focus on efforts to align the principles of individual freedom and general benefit. This study stems from the need to build an integrative paradigm between Islamic values and universal human rights principles. The research method used is qualitative with a juridical-normative approach through literature studies of classical and contemporary literature, such as al-Syatibi's work and modern research on the integration of maqasids in social policy. The research results show that the five main goals of maqasid al-syari'ah include the protection of religion, life, reason, descendants and property in line with the main pillars of human rights as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This approach proves that maqasid is not only the framework of Islamic law, but also a universal ethical paradigm that places justice, benefit and human dignity as the main goals. The implications of this research confirm that maqasid al-syari'ah can be a conceptual basis for the formulation of public policy, legal reform and governance of a modern society that is just and humanistic. Thus, integration between the values of freedom and benefit through maqasid opens up opportunities for constructive dialogue between Islam and global human rights principles.


Diskursus Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dalam masyarakat Muslim sering kali dipersepsikan mengalami ketegangan antara prinsip kebebasan individu dan norma-norma syariat Islam. Persepsi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya pendekatan konseptual yang mampu menjembatani nilai-nilai Islam dengan prinsip HAM universal secara konstruktif dan sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendekatan maqasid al-syari’ah terhadap HAM dengan fokus pada upaya penyelarasan antara kebebasan individu (hurriyyah) dan kemaslahatan umum (maslahah). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif melalui studi pustaka terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer, khususnya karya al-Syatibi serta kajian mutakhir mengenai integrasi maqasid dalam isu HAM dan kebijakan publik. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis dengan memetakan prinsip-prinsip HAM, terutama yang tertuang dalam Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), ke dalam kerangka lima tujuan utama maqasid al-syari’ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan, dan harta dalam maqasid al-syari’ah memiliki korespondensi substantif dengan hak-hak dasar manusia dalam instrumen HAM internasional. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa maqasid al-syari’ah berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai kerangka normatif hukum Islam, tetapi juga sebagai paradigma etika integratif yang menempatkan kebebasan dalam bingkai tanggung jawab moral dan kemaslahatan kolektif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan maqasid al-syari’ah memiliki relevansi teoretis dan praktis dalam pengembangan kebijakan publik, reformasi hukum, serta penguatan tata kelola sosial yang berkeadilan, humanistik, dan selaras dengan nilai-nilai Islam serta prinsip HAM universal.

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Iqbal, R., & Alwi, R. (2025). Pendekatan Maqasid as-Syari’ah terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia: Menyelaraskan Prinsip Kebebasan dan Kemaslahatan. Journal of Islamic Law and Wisdom, 1(2), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.30983/jilaw.v1i2.10238

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