Comparative Analysis of Agriculture Curriculum with Agronomy Concentration in Vocational High Schools in Germany and Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30983/educative.v9i2.9086Keywords:
Curriculum Comparison, Vocational High School, Agronomy, Germany, IndonesiaAbstract
The German vocational education system has developed steadily over centuries and is recognized as a global reference in providing vocational education. This study compares the agricultural curriculum with agronomy concentration in vocational high schools in Indonesia with the vocational education system in Germany. The study is expected to be able to offer strategic recommendations for the development of agricultural vocational education in Indonesia, provide strategic insights for the development of a more relevant agricultural vocational high school curriculum, and be able to create promising career opportunities in agriculture. This study uses a qualitative approach with a content analysis design on the documents that are the primary analysis sources. The results show that Germany excels in integrating theory, practice, technology, and industry involvement through an intensive Duale Ausbildung system. The longer duration of education and the use of advanced technologies such as smart farming make Germany more prepared to face the industrial era 4.0. In contrast, Indonesia is starting to move towards innovation with a project-based learning approach, but industry involvement and recognition of competency certification are still limited. The study's conclusion shows that although the Indonesian agronomy curriculum has approached international standards, strengthening industrial partnerships, modern technology, and global certification recognition need to be improved to increase the competitiveness of graduates in the global market.References
Book
Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, ‘Keputusan Nomor 008/H/KR/2022 Tentang Capaian Pembelajaran Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, Dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Pada Kurikulum Merdeka’ (Indonesia, 2022)
Baumgarten, Caroline, Monika Hackel, Maria Zöller, Martin Elsner, Ralf Hermann, and Thorsten Schilch, Vocational Education and Training: Overview of The Professional Qualification Opportunities in Germany (Germany, 2020)
Braňka, Jiří, Understanding the Potential Impact of Skills Recognition Systems on Labour Markets: Research Report, Ilo (Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization, 2016)
Döbert, H., E. Klieme, and W. Sroka, Conditions of School Performance in Seven Countries, 3rd edn (Waxmann Verlag, 2004)
Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, Dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 244/M/2024, ‘Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, Dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 244/M/2024 Tentang Spektrum Keahlian Dan Konversi Spektrum Keahlian Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan/Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan Pada Kurikulum Merdeka’, 2022, 1–26
Kern, Peter, and Martin Boehm, ‘Agri-Trans : Transparency in Agricultural Vocational Training Design ’:
Journal
Akpınarlı, Sena Seçil, and Salih Levent Turan, ‘An Examination of Reproduction and Development in Secondary School Biology Curricula: Türkiye and Germany’, Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science, 9.1 (2023), 1854–65
Al-Hafiz, Nofri Wandi, Harianja Harianja, Jasri Jasri, Elgamar Elgamar, Helpi Nopriandi, Febri Haswan, and others, ‘Pelatihan Pengenalan Perangkat Iot Bidang Pertanian Pada SMK Negeri 3 Teluk Kuantan’, Bhakti Nagori (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 3.2 (2023), 221–27 <https://doi.org/10.36378/bhakti_nagori.v3i2.3396>
Arruda, Eucidio Pimenta, Suzana dos Santos Gomes, and Durcelina Pimenta Arruda, ‘Digital Education in Germany: Policies, Teacher Perspectives, and Challenges in a Post-Pandemic World’, Forum for Education Studies, 3.1 (2024), 1976 <https://doi.org/10.59400/fes1976>
Aryanto, and M. Herly Pratama, ‘Pelatihan Implementasi IoT Untuk Monitoring Dan Otomasi Tanaman Lada Di SMK SMTI Bandar Lampung Dalam Mendukung Pertanian Berbasis Teknologi Training on IoT Implementation for Monitoring and Automation of Pepper Plants at SMK SMTI Bandar Lampung to Suppor’, Jurnal Masyarakat Mengabdi Nusantara, 3.4 (2024), 31–42 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58374/jmmn.v3i4.281>
Asriati, ‘Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan Dan Hortikultura’, Repository.Pertanian.Go.Id, 2018, 1–117 <http://repository.pertanian.go.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/15050/modul agb tanaman sayuran sem 3.pdf?sequence=1>
Bochenek, Bogdan, and Zbigniew Ustrnul, ‘Machine Learning in Weather Prediction and Climate Analyses—Applications and Perspectives’, Atmosphere, 13.2 (2022), 180 <https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020180>
Boutiuc-Kaiser, Alina, ‘30 Years of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in Germany’, Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 12.1 (2021), 65–79 <https://doi.org/10.1556/063.2021.00084>
Djafar, Nurain, Jusna Ahmad, and Masra Latjompoh, ‘Efektivitas Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Model Project Based Learning Dengan Pendekatan Stem Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Peserta Didik’, Bioedukasi (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi), 13.2 (2022), 200 <https://doi.org/10.24127/bioedukasi.v13i2.6348>
Dwiyatno, Saleh, Erni Krisnaningsih, Dede Ryan Hidayat, and Sulistiyono, ‘S Smart Agriculture Monitoring Penyiraman Tanaman Berbasis Internet of Things’, PROSISKO: Jurnal Pengembangan Riset Dan Observasi Sistem Komputer, 9.1 (2022), 38–43 <https://doi.org/10.30656/prosisko.v9i1.4669>
Gani, Abdul, and Wire Baye, ‘Sistem Informasi Praktek Kerja Industri Pada SMK Islam Sirajul Huda Paok Dandak’, Jurnal Manajemen Informatika Dan Sistem Informasi, 1.1 (2018), 52 <https://doi.org/10.36595/misi.v1i1.18>
Haasler, Simone R, ‘The German System of Vocational Education and Training: Challenges of Gender, Academisation and the Integration of Low-Achieving Youth’, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 26.1 (2020), 57–71 <https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258919898115>
Hanif, Farhan, and Abdurrahman, ‘Enhancing 21 St-Cetury Skills Through Project-Based Learning: Isights from Vocational Education in Egypt’, Jurnal Educative: Journal of Educational Studies, 9.2 (2024), 92–103 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30983/educative.v9i2.8574>
Haxhiavdyli, Vlera, ‘German Education System’, Study in Germany, 2024 <https://www.studying-in-germany.org/german-education-system/>
Hoidn, Sabine, and Vít Šťastný, ‘Labour Market Success of Initial Vocational Education and Training Graduates: A Comparative Study of Three Education Systems in Central Europe’, Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 75.4 (2023), 629–53 <https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2021.1931946>
IAEA, Tecnical Cooperation Program, ‘Agriculture and Food Security The IAEA Contribution TC Projects Help Member States Enhance Agricultural Productivity and Improve Food Security’, Iaea, 2007
Kanschat, Katharina, Gerburg Benneker, Sigrid Meiborg, Fatma Sarigöz, Tatiana Vorsmann Übersetzung Sarah Zimmer, and Herstellung W Bertelsmann Verlag, ‘Fachglossar – Betriebliche Ausbildung Glossary of Vocational Training Terms’, Bundesministerium Für Bildung Und Forschung, 2010, 1–58
Knigge, Michel, and David Kollosche, ‘Inclusive Education in German Schools’, in Inclusive Mathematics Education (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019), pp. 13–22 <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11518-0_3>
Kurniawan, D., Y. Yaddarabullah, and G. Suprayitno, ‘Implementasi Internet of Things Pada Sistem Irigasi Tetes Dalam Membantu Pemanfaatan Urban Farming’, The 7 Th University Research Colloquium, 11.June (2018), 106–17
Llorent-Vaquero, Mercedes, ‘Religious Education in Public Schools in Western Europe’, International Education Studies, 11.1 (2017), 155 <https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n1p155>
Mulyatiningsih, Endang, ‘Analisis Potensi Dan Kendala Teacherpreuner Di SMK’, Jurnal Kependidikan, 45.1 (2015), 62–75 <https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jk/article/view/7186/6196>
Musdaniati, Ulfah Retno, and Andian Ari Anggraeni, ‘Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Student Centered Learning Pembuatan Sirup Pada Mata Pelajaran Teknik Pengolahan Hasil Pertanian Di SMK Negeri 1 Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta’, E-Journal Student Pend. Teknik Boga - S1, 7.4 (2018), 1–12 <http://journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/boga/article/view/11622>
Oeben, Melanie, and Matthias Klumpp, ‘Transfer of the German Vocational Education and Training System—Success Factors and Hindrances with the Example of Tunisia’, Education Sciences, 11.5 (2021) <https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050247>
OECD, OECD Employment Outlook 2024 - Country Notes: Germany, 2024 <https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2024/06/oecd-employment-outlook-2024-country-notes_6910072b/germany_08ee101a.html#:~:text=In Germany%2C the unemployment rate,in late 2020%2Fearly 2021.>
Özdil, Gülşah, Fatma Merve Simsek, and Mehmet Nur Tuğluk, ‘Comparison of Digital Assessment and Documentation Systems Used in the Early Childhood Education in Turkey, Germany and Spain’, Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 10.2 (2021), 1–15 <https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol10.2.1.2021>
Pertanian, Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, Data Statistik SDM Pendidikan Pertanian 2023 (Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian, 2023) <https://bppsdmp-ppid.pertanian.go.id/doc/19/03-Buku Statistik Pendidikan 2023.pdf>
Poetra, Joessianto Eko, Pranowo Sidi, Imam Sutrisno, and Dwi Suharso, ‘Dampak Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Dengan Otomatisasi Alat Pertanian Terhadap Keterampilan Teknis Di SMK Nasional Dawarblandong’, in Seminar MASTER PPNS, 2024, pp. 28–39
Pozderac, Milan, Ty T. Casey, and Tracy Kitchel, ‘Insights from Second Generation Agriculture Teachers on Career Choice and Identity’, Journal of Agricultural Education, 63.1 (2022), 47–61 <https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.01047>
Prasloranti, Zahra Pitaloka, Masriam Bukit, and Shinta Maharani, ‘Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory Di Smkn 1 Cibadak’, Edufortech, 6.2 (2021) <https://doi.org/10.17509/edufortech.v6i2.39294>
Profesi, Badan Nasional Sertifikasi, ‘Pedoman Pelaksanaan Sertifikasi Kompetensi Bagi Lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK)’, 2017, pp. 1–9
Rasyid, Abdul, ‘Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Siswa Smk Dalam Pemilihan Jurusan Di Smk Pgri Tanjung Raja Abdul Rasyid’, 0581 (2017), 54–58
Reichardt, M., and C. Jürgens, ‘Adoption and Future Perspective of Precision Farming in Germany: Results of Several Surveys among Different Agricultural Target Groups’, Precision Agriculture, 10.1 (2009), 73–94 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-008-9101-1>
Ruban, E, N Rahmah, and I Fitria, ‘Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dalam Agribisnis Tanaman Hias Dengan Model Pembelajaran PjBL Dan Pendekatan STEAM Di SMK Negeri 3 Maluku Tenggara’, Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran, 4.1 (2022), 414–17 <http://www.ejournal-jp3.com/index.php/Pendidikan/article/view/240%0Ahttps://www.ejournal-jp3.com/index.php/Pendidikan/article/download/240/221>
Setiyadi, Ruli, Uus Kuswendi, and Muhammad Ghiyats Ristiana, ‘Learning of Reading Comprehension through Reading Workshop in the Industry 4.0’, Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 6.2 (2019), 160 <https://doi.org/10.17509/mimbar-sd.v6i2.17397>
Solga, Heike, Paula Protsch, Christian Ebner, and Christian Brzinsky-Fay, ‘The German Vocational Education and Training System: Its Institutional Configuration, Strengths, and Challenges’, 2014, 1–42 <http://econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/104536/1/805013571.pdf>
Susilo, Mohamad Joko, Junanah Junanah, and M Hajar Dewantoro, ‘Comparison of Curriculum Implementation between Public and Private Schools Based on Adiwiyata’, Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 15.4 (2021), 571–77 <https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v15i4.20361>
Teguh, Supriyadi, ‘Kebutuhan Guru Peminatan Kejuruan Dan Pemenuhannya Di Smk’, Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 12.1 (2019), 19–34 <https://doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v12i1.259>
Wahyudin, Dinn, Edy Subkhan, Abdul Malik, Moh. Abdul Hakim, Elih Sudiapermana, Maisura LeliAlhapip, and others, Kajian Akademik Kurikulum Merdeka, Kemendikbud, 2024 <https://kurikulum.kemdikbud.go.id/file/1711503412_manage_file.pdf>
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Widya Puji Astuti, Rudi Susilana, Riche Cynthia Johan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
 
