QIYÄ€S DAN ANALOGI HUKUM (Suatu telaah dan perbandingannya dalam penemuan hukum)

Authors

  • Maizul Imran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v2i1.263

Abstract

Qiyâs in Islamic law has progressed considerably that made it seems not as simple as the first form. It started from rustic concept of al-Syafi’i that identified only ‘illat (reason) that contained in text, it was progressed forward by al-Ghazali, al-Syarthibiy, and so forth. Every scholar in ushul fiqh had each learning processes, corrections, describing, improving, and reconstructing new formulas about qiyâs. If it is compared with same concept in positive law, there is a formula called Law Analogy. Basically, there are no different concept between law analogy and qiyâs. Yet, qiyâs has more detail explanation and complicated. Qiyâs has four steps in indentifying problem that analogy does not have. This paper maintained that concept of analogy in positive law is as simple as the first formula of qiyâs when it introduced as Islamic legal discovery method. Konsep qiyÄs dalam hukum Islam telah mengalami perkembangan panjang yang mengantarkan terwujudnya tampilan yang tidak sederhana lagi. Berawal dari konsep sederhana dari al-Syafi’i, dengan ciri fundamental identifikasi ‘illat semata yang tercakup dalam nash, ia telah terolah dengan sangat maju di tangan al-Ghazali, al-Syathibi dan seterusnya. Setiap ahli ushul fiqih (mutaakhirin) melalui proses pembelajaran dan koreksi, mencoba menampilkan, menambahkan, dan merekonstruksi rumusan yang baru tentang qiyÄs. Jika dibandingkan dengan konsep serupa dalam hukum positif maka di sana terdapat konsep analogi. Pada prinsipnya konsep ini sama dengan qiyÄs, namun detail-detail pembahasan qiyÄs lebih rumit dan bertele-tele. Langkah penerapan qiyÄs yang meliputi empat tahap identifikasi masalah tidak nampak dalam konsep analogi. Dengan demikian tulisan ini mempertahankan bahwa konsep analogi dalam hukum positif sesederhana ketika konsep qiyÄs ini pertama sekali diintrodusir sebagai metode penemuan hukum dalam hukum Islam. Sehingga konsep analogi dalam hukum positif bisa dikatakan baru sejajar dengan qiyÄs konsepsi awal.

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Published

2017-07-18

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Januari - Juni 2017

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