EKONOMIKA SYARIAH : Journal of Economic Studies https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi <p align="justify"><strong>EKONOMIKA SYARIAH: Journal of Economic Studies</strong> is a journal that publishes research results related to the themes of economics, finance, and Islamic banking. It also provides an important role in promoting the process of knowledge, values and skills. Scientific texts that discuss the topics of economics, finance and Islamic banking are highly expected to be presented. Interdisciplinary approaches to Islamic studies are used as instruments to overcome and solve Islamic economic, financial and banking problems. The editorial team invited researchers, scholars, and Islamic studies and economic observers to submit research articles that had never been published in other media or journals. <strong>Ekonomika Syariah</strong> is published twice a year, in June and December. The editorial team received the research article, typed 1.15 cm in space on A4 paper, double column, 15-20 pages long or 7000 to 9000 words. Every article published has gone through a peer-review process to maintain the quality of the publication.</p> Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi en-US EKONOMIKA SYARIAH : Journal of Economic Studies 2614-7890 <p><strong>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</strong></p><ol><li>Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html">(See The Effect of Open Access).</a></li></ol> What Drives the Islamic Stock Market Price in Indonesia? https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7650 <p>Saat ini, pasar modal syariah berkembang semakin pesat. Hal ini ditandai dengan munculnya berbagai indeks saham syariah termasuk Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Pasar modal adalah lembaga keuangan yang berkontribusi dalam pengelolaan dana investasi, serta menjadi penggerak utama dalam sistem ekonomi. Namun, pasar modal syariah dalam beberapa dekade terakhir menunjukkan pergerakan yang fluktuatif, diduga ada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pergerakannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pergerakan Jakarta Islamic Index. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan data time series tahun 2009-2021. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah ekonomi makro yang terdiri dari  inflasi (INF), Indeks Produksi Industri (IPI), BI Rate, nilai tukar, dan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan Indonesia (IHSG) sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, dalam jangka pendek, pergerakan Indeks Saham Syariah yaitu Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh variabel makroekonomi. Sementara itu, dalam jangka panjang, pergerakan indeks saham syariah di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh variabel makroekonomi.</p><em>Currently, the Islamic capital market is growing rapidly. This is marked by the emergence of various Islamic stock indices, including the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The capital market is a financial institution that contributes to the management of investment funds as well as being the main driving force in the economic system. However, the Islamic capital market in recent decades has shown fluctuating movements; allegedly, some factors affect its movement. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the movement of the Jakarta Islamic Index. The method used in this study is quantitative-descriptive with time series data from 2009 to 2021. The independent variable in this study is macroeconomics, consisting of inflation (INF), industrial production index (IPI), BI rate, exchange rate, and Indonesia Composite Stock Price Index (ICI), while the dependent variable is the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The analysis tool used in this study is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results of this study show that, in general, in the short term, the movement of the Sharia Stock Index, namely the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), is not much influenced by macroeconomic variables. Meanwhile, in the long run, the movement of Islamic stock indices in Indonesia is influenced by macroeconomic variables.</em> Misbahul Munir Muhammad Faisal Akbar Ayu Yuningsih Zikri Rahmani Dewi Lusiana Copyright (c) 2023 Misbahul Munir, Muhammad Faisal Akbar, Ayu Yuningsih, Zikri Rahmani, ewi Lusiana 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 113 128 10.30983/es.v7i2.7650 The Role of Islamic Philanthropic Institutions in Accelerating the Halal Certification Program for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7600 <p><em>Lembaga filantropi mengupayakan pemberdayaan ekonomi bagi para mustahik, salah satunya dengan mendukung usaha mustahik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran lembaga filantropi Islam dalam mempercepat program sertifikasi halal gratis pada sektor makanan dan minuman berskala mikro, kecil, dan menengah di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan deskriptif analisis melalui berbagai sumber sekunder seperti artikel penelitian, buku, laporan, website resmi dan sumber lain yang berkaitan dengan lembaga zakat dan wakaf serta sertifikasi halal bagi UMKM. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lembaga filantropi Islam seperti lembaga zakat dan wakaf di Indonesia memiliki peran signifikan terhadap percepatan program sertifikasi halal gratis (SEHATI) bagi UMKM. Hal ini karena UMKM sangat dekat dan sudah dibina langsung oleh lembaga filantropi Islam tersebut, sehingga tingkat kepercayaan untuk melakukan sertifikasi halal sudah terpenuhi. Lembaga filantropi Islam dapat menggerakkan sertifikasi halal melalui proses pendampingan yang dilakukan secara rutin melalui program pemberdayaan UMKM terutama bagi para mustahik</em>.</p>Philanthropic institutions strive for economic empowerment for Mustahik, one of which is by supporting Mustahik businesses. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic philanthropic institutions in accelerating the free halal certification programme in the micro, small, and medium-scale food and beverage sector in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis through various secondary sources such as research articles, books, reports, official websites, and other sources related to zakat and waqf institutions and halal certification for MSMEs. This research shows that Islamic philanthropic institutions such as zakat and waqf institutions in Indonesia have a significant role in accelerating the free halal certification programme (SEHATI) for MSMEs. This is because MSMEs are very close and have been directly fostered by the Islamic philanthropic institution, so the level of trust to carry out halal certification has been fulfilled. Islamic philanthropic institutions can promote halal certification through a mentoring process that is carried out routinely through MSME empowerment programmes, especially for mustahik. Lu'liyatul Mutmainah Elin Yulistiyani Copyright (c) 2023 Lu'liyatul Mutmainah, Elin Yulistiyani 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 129 143 10.30983/es.v7i2.7600 Young Muslim Consumer Behavior on Digital Platform: What can be Learned for Developing Halal Product? https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7576 <p><em>Indonesia memiliki peluang besar dalam pengembangan produk halal dan merupakan negara dengan konsumsi online terbesar di Asia</em><em>. </em><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi perilaku konsumsi generasi muda muslim Indonesia </em><em>pada</em><em> platform digital. Penelitian berkaitan dengan perilaku konsumsi pada platform digital telah menunjukkan hasil yang cukup signifikan, namun akademisi dan praktisi yang peduli dalam pengembangan produk halal masih sedikit.</em><em> S</em><em>ehingga penting untuk memahami perilaku konsumen agar dapat menyasar konsumen yang tepat</em><em>. </em><em>Penelitian ini dikembangkan berdasarkan Theory of Planned Behavio</em><em>r serta </em><em>memanfaatkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner. </em><em> </em><em>Sebanyak 155 responden generasi muda muslim dipilih melalui teknik accidental sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku konsumen </em><em>pada</em><em> platform digital dipengaruhi oleh Attitude, Perceived behavior control, Recreation orientation, dan Promotion. Sementara itu, subjective norm, Religiosity dan Perceived Benefit merupakan alasan sekunder yang membuat mereka memilih platform digital. Hasil statistik ini men</em><em>unjukkan</em><em> bahwa konsumen di era digital sangat sensitif terhadap harga yang lebih murah. Selain itu, berbagai layanan tambahan yang disediakan oleh platform digital seperti pembayaran di tempat (COD) memudahkan mereka untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsinya. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penting bagi produk halal untuk mengembangkan platform digital yang mampu memberikan layanan tambahan yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan kepuasan pelanggan.</em><em></em></p><p>Indonesia have great opportunity for halal product developments and the largest online consumption in asia. This study aims to observe the consumption behavior of young muslim through digital platforms. Research related to consumer behavior has revealed a significant result on digital platform, however the academics and practitioners who are concerned in the halal product development are few. Therefore, it is important to understand consumer behavior in targeting the right consumers. This research is developed based on theory of planned behavior and used primary data obtained through questionnaire. 155 young muslim respondents selected with accidental sampling techniques and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling as the data processing tools. The results show that consumer behavior in digital platforms is influenced by Attitude, Perceived behavior control, Recreation orientation, and Promotion. Meanwhile, subjective norm, Religiosity and Perceived Benefit are secondary reasons they choose digital platforms. This statistical results explain that the consumers in the digital era are sensitive to lower price. In addition, various supplementary services provided by digital platforms such as paylater payments make it easy for them to satisfy their consumption. Therefore, based on the findings, it is important for halal products to develop a digital platform that is able to provide useful supplementary services to increase customer convenience and satisfaction.</p> Irma Yuliani Muhammad Amin Ravika Mutiara Savitrah Copyright (c) 2024 Irma Yuliani, Muhammad Amin, Ravika Mutiara Savitrah 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 144 154 10.30983/es.v7i2.7576 Islamic Micro Finance Institutions' Existence, Role, and Challenges in Developing the Indonesian Micro Business Sector Post Covid 19 Pandemic https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7254 <div align="center"><table width="554" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="406"><p align="left"><strong><em>Abstrak </em></strong></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki peran penting dan tantangan yang dianut oleh Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah (KPI) dalam memajukan perekonomian Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif, penelitian ini melakukan kajian literatur yang ada. Penelitian ini juga mencakup pemeriksaan analitis melalui perbandingan dengan temuan sebelumnya dan artikel yang relevan. Temuan utama studi ini menggarisbawahi peran penting yang dimainkan oleh Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah dalam mendukung pertumbuhan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Lembaga-lembaga ini muncul sebagai sumber penting dukungan keuangan untuk kegiatan pasar dan ekspansi bisnis, sehingga memberikan kontribusi besar bagi perekonomian nasional.</em><em> </em><em>Sebagai komponen integral dari sektor keuangan non-bank, Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) merupakan bagian penting dari upaya pengentasan kemiskinan pemerintah, yang bertujuan untuk memberdayakan individu yang terpinggirkan dan mendorong pertumbuhan usaha kecil dan menengah (UMKM).</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>This study aims to investigate the pivotal roles and challenges embraced by Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMFIs) in driving forward the Indonesian economy. Employing a descriptive-qualitative research approach, this study conducts a comprehensive review of existing literature. The research also includes analytical examinations through comparisons with previous findings and relevant articles. The study's key findings underscore the essential role played by Islamic Microfinance Institutions in supporting the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). These institutions emerge as a critical source of financial support for market activities and business expansion, thus making a substantial contribution to the national economy. As integral components of the non-bank financial sector, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) represent a vital part of the government's poverty alleviation efforts, aimed at empowering marginalized individuals and fostering the growth of small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Nur Jamaludin Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah Muizzudin Muizzudin Copyright (c) 2023 Nur Jamaludin, Muizzudin Muizzudin, Muizzudin Muizzudin 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 155 165 10.30983/es.v7i2.7254 The Effect of Cash Waqf Literacy on Cash Waqf Decision with Interest in Waqf as a Mediating Variable https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7535 <p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi wakaf tunai terhadap keputusan berwakaf tunai pegawai  Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan minat wakaf sebagai variabel mediasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah pegawai Kantor Kementerian Agama Wilayah Provinsi Sumater Barat. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linear sederhana dan uji analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi wakaf tunai berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap minat berwakaf. Artinya semakin tinggi tingkat literasi wak literasi wakaf tunai secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berwakaf tunai. Kemudian hasil penelitian ini juga membuktikan minat berwakaf berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan berwakaf tunai pegawai  Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji analisis jalur membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh mediasi dari minat berwakaf antara literasi wakaf tunai terhadap keputusan berwakaf tunai.</em></p><p>This study aims to determine the effect of cash waqf literacy on cash waqf decision with interest in waqf as a mediating variable of employees of the Ministry of Religion of West Sumatra Province. The data source in this research is employees of the Ministry of Religion of West Sumatra Province. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by simple linear regression analysis and path analysis test. The results of the study show that cash waqf literacy has a significant effect on interest in waqf. This means that the higher the literacy level of cash waqf the higher the interest in cash waqf employees of the Ministry of Religion of West Sumatra Province, and cash waqf literacy indirectly affects the cash waqf decision. The results of this study also prove that interest in waqf has a significant effect on cash waqf decision for employees of the Ministry of Religion of West Sumatra Province. Furthermore, based on the path analysis test, it proves that there is a mediating effect of waqf interest between cash waqf literacy and cash waqf decision.een cash waqf literacy and cash waqf decision.</p> Rozalinda Rozalinda Rozalinda Nila Mardiah Celya Pratama Copyright (c) 2023 Rozalinda Rozalinda Rozalinda, Nila Mardiah, Celya Pratama 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 166 181 10.30983/es.v7i2.7535 Determinants of Customer Decisions to Save at Sharia Digital Banks https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7608 <p><em>Lembaga keuangan perbankan di Indonesia mengalami transformasi digital yang pesat namun tingkat penerimaan Masyarakat masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dampak variabel religiusitas, keamanan fintech, dan citra merek terhadap keputusan nasabah untuk menyimpan uang di bank digital syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner atau angket, melibatkan 100 responden yang dipilih berdasarkan perhitungan lemeshow. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 24 untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel keamanan fintech dan citra merek memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan (Sig. &lt;0,005) terhadap keputusan nasabah untuk menabung di bank digital syariah, sementara variabel religiusitas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan (Sig. &gt;0,005) terhadap keputusan nasabah untuk menabung di bank digital syariah. Temuan ini mendorong penelitian selanjutnya untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi keputusan nasabah dalam menggunakan layanan bank digital syariah. Sehingga mampu menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi industri bank digital syariah dalam meningkatkan pangsa pasar.</em></p>The banking and financial institutions in Indonesia have undergone rapid digital transformation; however, the level of public acceptance remains relatively low. This research aims to elucidate the impact of religiosity, fintech security, and brand image variables on customers' decisions to deposit money in Islamic digital banks. The study employs primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, involving 100 respondents selected based on the Leveshow calculation. The analytical methods utilised include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing, all conducted using SPSS 24 software for data analysis. The results of the study indicate that, partially, fintech security and brand image variables exert a significant influence (Sig. &lt;0.005) on customers' decisions to deposit money in Islamic digital banks. Meanwhile, the religiosity variable does not have a significant impact (Sig. &gt;0.005) on customers' decisions to deposit money in Islamic digital banks. These findings propel further research to explore other factors that may influence customers' decisions to utilise Islamic digital bank services. Thus, it can serve as evaluative material for the Islamic digital banking industry to enhance market share Moh. Arifin Ridan Muhtadi Denizar Abdurrahman Mi’raj Siti Fatimah Abd. Hannan Copyright (c) 2023 Moh. Arifin, Ridan Muhtadi, Denizar Abdurrahman Mi’raj, Siti Fatimah, Abd. Hannan 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 182 193 10.30983/es.v7i2.7608 The Influence of Religiosity, Zakat Knowledge and Social Media on the Interest in Paying Zakat of Educated Millennial Muslims https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/8084 <p>Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh religiusitas, pengetahuan tentang zakat dan penggunaan media sosial terhadap minat muslim millenial terdidik untuk membayar zakat. Metode studi yang digunakan adalah penelitian korelasional (correlation research) dengan jumlah total responden sebanyak 222 orang yang merupakan mahasiswa dari Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis Islam dari 3 (tiga) Perguruan Tinggi Islam Negeri di Sumatera Barat. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner, lalu dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Square Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS 4. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa religiusitas mempengaruhi minat untuk membayar zakat. Pengetahuan zakat mempengaruhi minat membayar zakat. Media sosial tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat membayar zakat dengan arah hubungan positif. Studi ini merekomendasikan strategi untuk meningkatkan minat membayar zakat dari generasi muslim millenial terdidik dengan cara memperhatikan tingkat religiusitas dan pengetahuan zakat serta informasi zakat yang tersedia pada media sosial generasi millenial muslim terdidik</p><p>This study was conducted to analyse the influence of religiosity, knowledge about zakat, and the use of social media on the interest of educated millennial Muslims to pay zakat. The study method used is correlation research with a total of 222 respondents who are students from the Faculty of Islamic Business Economics from three (three) state Islamic universities in West Sumatra. The data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires, which were then analysed by the partial least squares equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method using the SmartPLS 4 application. The results found that religiosity affects interest in paying zakat. Zakat knowledge affects the interest in paying zakat. Social media does not influence interest in paying zakat with a positive relationship direction. This study recommends strategies to increase the interest in paying zakat of the educated millennial Muslim generation by paying attention to their level of religiosity and zakat knowledge, as well as the zakat information available on social media.</p><p> </p> Syarif Hidayatullah Asyari Asyari Copyright (c) 2023 Syarif Hidayatullah, Asyari Asyari 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 194 212 10.30983/es.v7i2.8084 The Effect of Relationship Quality on Continuity in the Use of Sharia M-Banking: The Role of Access Convenience, Service Quality and Structure Assurance https://ejournal.uinbukittinggi.ac.id/index.php/febi/article/view/7265 <div align="center"><table width="548" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="406"><p align="left"><strong><em>Abstrak </em></strong></p><p>This research delves into the impact of relationship quality (RQ) on the ongoing utilization of sharia mobile banking (m-banking). The study draws upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and past behaviour as theoretical frameworks to examine how sustainability attitudes influence the use of m-banking, considering the quality of customer relationships with banks in determining sustainable intentions in sharia m-banking usage. Employing a quantitative approach, the research involves data collection, interpretation, and presentation based on a sample of 100 sharia m-banking users in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, using Snowball Sampling.<strong> </strong>Questionnaires were distributed for data collection, and the analysis utilized the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method with the Partial Least Square (PLS) program. The findings support all four hypotheses, indicating significant effects on sustainability intentions in sharia m-banking usage. The study also conducted mediation testing, revealing that variables such as Access Convenience and Service Quality do not directly impact sustainability intentions. Instead, a good-quality relationship with the provider is essential for sustainable intentions in sharia m-banking, while the Structural Assurance variable directly influences sustainable intentions without necessitating a high-quality relationship with the bank.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Penelitian ini menyelidiki dampak kualitas hubungan (RQ) terhadap pemanfaatan mobile banking (m-banking) syariah yang sedang berlangsung. Studi ini mengacu pada Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) dan perilaku masa lalu sebagai kerangka teoritis untuk menguji bagaimana sikap keberlanjutan mempengaruhi penggunaan m-banking syariah, dengan mempertimbangkan kualitas hubungan nasabah dengan bank dalam menentukan niat berkelanjutan dalam penggunaan m-banking syariah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini melibatkan pengumpulan, interpretasi, dan penyajian data berdasarkan sampel 100 pengguna m-banking syariah di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dengan menggunakan Snowball Sampling. Kuesioner disebar untuk pengumpulan data, dan analisisnya menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan program Partial Least Square (PLS). Temuan ini mendukung keempat hipotesis, yang menunjukkan dampak signifikan terhadap niat keberlanjutan dalam penggunaan m-banking syariah. Studi ini juga melakukan pengujian mediasi, yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel seperti Kenyamanan Akses dan Kualitas Layanan tidak berdampak langsung terhadap niat keberlanjutan. Sebaliknya, hubungan berkualitas baik dengan penyedia layanan sangat penting untuk niat berkelanjutan dalam m-banking syariah, sedangkan variabel Jaminan Struktural secara langsung mempengaruhi niat berkelanjutan tanpa memerlukan hubungan berkualitas tinggi dengan bank.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Ardy Wibowo Febrian Wahyu Wibowo Rusny Istiqomah Sujono Dimas Wibisono Uswatun Khasanah Copyright (c) 2023 Ardy Wibowo, Febrian Wahyu Wibowo, Rusny Istiqomah Sujono, Dimas Wibisono, Uswatun Khasanah 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 7 2 213 234 10.30983/es.v7i2.7265