Time and Society in the Qur'an: Al-Ghazali’s Integration of Ancient Wisdom into Islamic Epistemology
Downloads
This research paper, titled explores the conceptualization of time in the Qur'an and its integration into Islamic epistemology through Al-Ghazali’s theoretical framework. The study addresses the research problem of how Qur'anic depictions of time intersect with contemporary scientific theories, particularly focusing on their implications for understanding the nature of time and its relevance to modern scientific and philosophical discussions. Utilizing a secondary descriptive analysis methodology, the research systematically reviews and compares Qur'anic verses about time with current scientific theories such as Einstein's theory of relativity and cosmological concepts. The aim is to identify points of convergence and divergence between Qur'anic insights and scientific understandings, enriching the discourse on the interplay between religious wisdom and empirical knowledge. The findings reveal a harmonious interaction between spiritual and scientific narratives, demonstrating that the Qur'an’s portrayal of time as a complex, relative phenomenon aligns with modern scientific perspectives. This integration of the Integration of Knowledge (IOK) concept fosters a holistic understanding of time, bridging theological and scientific viewpoints and contributing to broader discussions in political and democratic domains. The study underscores the significance of interdisciplinary knowledge in addressing societal issues and highlights the potential for mutual enrichment between ancient wisdom and contemporary science. Future research should continue to explore these intersections and their implications for education and societal development.
Makalah penelitian ini mengeksplorasi konseptualisasi waktu dalam Al-Qur'an dan integrasinya ke dalam epistemologi Islam melalui kerangka teori Al-Ghazali. Penelitian ini membahas masalah penelitian tentang bagaimana penggambaran waktu dalam Al-Qur'an bersinggungan dengan teori-teori ilmiah kontemporer, terutama berfokus pada implikasinya untuk memahami sifat waktu dan relevansinya dengan diskusi ilmiah dan filosofis modern. Dengan menggunakan metodologi analisis deskriptif sekunder, penelitian ini secara sistematis meninjau dan membandingkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an tentang waktu dengan teori-teori ilmiah saat ini seperti teori relativitas Einstein dan konsep-konsep kosmologi. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi titik-titik konvergensi dan divergensi antara wawasan Al-Qur'an dan pemahaman ilmiah, memperkaya wacana tentang interaksi antara kebijaksanaan agama dan pengetahuan empiris. Temuan-temuan tersebut mengungkapkan interaksi yang harmonis antara narasi spiritual dan ilmiah, yang menunjukkan bahwa penggambaran Al-Qur'an tentang waktu sebagai fenomena yang kompleks dan relatif selaras dengan perspektif ilmiah modern. Integrasi konsep Integrasi Ilmu Pengetahuan (IOK) ini menumbuhkan pemahaman holistik tentang waktu, menjembatani sudut pandang teologis dan ilmiah serta berkontribusi pada diskusi yang lebih luas dalam domain politik dan demokrasi. Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pengetahuan interdisipliner dalam menangani masalah-masalah sosial dan menyoroti potensi untuk saling memperkaya antara kebijaksanaan kuno dan ilmu pengetahuan kontemporer. Penelitian di masa depan harus terus mengeksplorasi persimpangan ini dan implikasinya bagi pendidikan dan pembangunan masyarakat.
Books
Abdulhamid A. Abusulayman, The Qur’anic Worldview: A Springboard for Cultural Reform, ed. by abdulhamid A. Abusulayman (London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2011)
Mohamed, Yasien, The Ethical Worldview of the Qur’an, Yaqeen Institute of Islamic Research, 2019
Moten, Abdul Rashid, ‘Social Justice, Islamic State and Muslim Countries’, Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology,
Datta, Ajoy, Negotiating Difference in an Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Lessons from a Small Islands Developing States, 2018
Journals
Abu Rumman, Mohammed Sulaiman, SUFISM TODAY: Contemporary Interpretations of the Sufi Community and Its Different Patterns, ed. by Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Jordan and Iraq Office (Amman Jordan: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Jordan and Iraq Office Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung – Amman Office, 2022) <https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755625109>
Adel, Miah Muhammad, ‘M’Raj Consistency With Scienfic Laws’, Malaysian Journal for Islamic Studies, 6.2 (2022), 73–81
Ahmad Faizuddin Ramli, Mohamed Ashath, Ahmad Moghri, ‘A Comparative study on the notion of dialogue in islam and buddhism’, Afkar, 25.2 (2023), 67–110 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol25no2.3>
Ahmad, Khurshid, ‘Islam and Democracy: Some Conceptual and Contemporary Dimensions’, Pluto Journals, 2.1 (2005), 15–32 <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2000.tb03679.x>
Ahmad, Mahjabeen, and Shamsul Khan, ‘A Model of Spirituality for Ageing Muslims’, Journal of Religion and Health, 55.3 (2016), 830–43 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0039-0>
Ahmadi, A A, M Sarzaym, and ..., ‘A Survey of the Spiritual Intelligence in Organizations with an Emphasis on Islamic Texts’, Journal of Social …, 02.02 (2014), 12–19
Al-Asy’ari, Hasan, Yongki Sutoyo, and Aldy Pradhana, ‘Al-Ghazâlî’s Concept of Causality and Quantum Physics: Finding a Point of Relevance’, Tsaqafah, 18.2 (2022), 189 <https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i2.8268>
Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib, Islamic Philosophy: An Introduction, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1st edn (Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1995), I <https://doi.org/1536- 4569/2005/001–001–002>
Aliyeva, Elmira, ‘An Overview Of The National Curriculum Development Process For Azerbaijan’, The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 6.1 (2016)
Aminullah Poya, and Habiburrahman Rizapoor, ‘Al-Ghazali’s Theory of Real Knowledge: An Exploration of Knowledge Integration in Islamic Epistemology through Contemporary Perspectives’, International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 3.2 (2023), 607–24 <https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i2.627>
Anderson, Janna, and Lee Rainie, ‘As AI Spreads, Experts Predict the Best and Worst Changes in Digital Life by 2035’, Pew Research Center, June, 2023
Aziz, Roikhan Mochamad, ‘Hahslm Equation in Quran Al-Hijr 15.87’, Icri 2018, 2020, 1896–1903 <https://doi.org/10.5220/0009937018961903>
Bakir, Ali, ‘Islam and International Relations (IR): Why Is There No Islamic IR Theory?’, Third World Quarterly, 44.1 (2023), 22–38 <https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2022.2121695>
Belenchia, Alessio, Matteo Carlesso, Ömer Bayraktar, Daniele Dequal, Ivan Derkach, Giulio Gasbarri, and others, ‘Quantum Physics in Space’, Physics Reports, 951 (2022), 1–70 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2021.11.004>
Britannica, Encyclopaedia, ‘Qurʾān’, Encyclopaedia Britannica (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024), 1–9
Brown, Jonathan A.C., ‘Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World’, in Oneworld Publications, ed. by Jonathan A.C. Brown, 2nd edn (London: London: Oneworld Publications, 2018), p. 353
Chittick, William C., ‘Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World’, Simon and Schuster, 13.1 (2013), 176
Choudhury, Masudul Alam, and Mohammad Ziaul Hoque, ‘Islamic Political Economy: Contrasting Paradigms between Democracy and Political Participation in Islam’, International Association for Islamic Economics Review of Islamic Economics, 11.1 (2007), 75–99
Conway, Lucian Gideon, Meredith A. Repke, and Shannon C. Houck, ‘Psychological Spacetime: Implications of Relativity Theory for Time Perception’, SAGE Open, 6.4 (2016) <https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016674511>
Ebrahimi, Mansoureh, and Kamaruzaman Yusoff, ‘Islamic Identity, Ethical Principles and Human Values’, European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6.1 (2017), 325 <https://doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p325-336>
Esmaeili, Nooshin, and Brian Robert Sinclair, ‘Soul, Space + Time: Exploring Temporality in Architecture With Reference to Sufism’, ArchiDOCT, 19.11(1) (2023), 1–8
El Fadl, Khaled Abou, ‘Qur’anic Ethics and Islamic Law’, Journal of Islamic Ethics, 1.1–2 (2017), 7–28 <https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340002>
Ferreira, Vasconcelos Anselmo, ‘The Lack of Spiritual Perspective of Organizations: An Exploratory Study’, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 26.5 (2018), 915–40 <https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-02-2018-1345>
Gerhard Böwering, ‘The Concept of Time in Islam’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 141.1 (1997), 55–66
Ghalia, Bouhedda, and Belayet Hossen, ‘Integration of Knowledge: A Time Befitting Step’, ‘Abqari Journal, 19 (2019), 1–21 <https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol19.1>
Highland, Grant Randal, ‘Connectivism: Adopting Quantum Holism in International Relations’, 2021 <https://doi.org/10.25777/syrw-3836>
Islam Web, ‘Consistency between the Quran and Modern Science’, Www.Islamweb.Net, 2018, pp. 1–14
Jackson, Andrew, ‘Peacocke Prize Essay—Towards An Eastern Orthodox Contemplation Of Evolution: Maximus The Confessor’s Vision Of The Phylogenetic Logoi: With Finley I. Lawson, “The Science and Religion Forum Discuss Information and Reality: Questions for Religions and Scie’, Zygon, 0.0 (2023), 1–17 <https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12885>
Jawaid, Mahmood, ‘The Structure and the Categorization of the Quranic Surahs’, Https://Www.Academia.Edu/44923195/The_Structure_and_the_Categorization_of_the_Quranic_Surahs, 2021, 1–56
Jules Janssens, ‘Ibn Sina’s Remarks and Admonitions: Physics and Metaphysics: An Analysis and Annotated Translation’, Columbia University, 11, 2014, 218
Junaidi, Juliyana, Latifah Abdul Majid, and Mohd Arif Nazri, ‘Revisiting Social Justice: Exploring the Qur’Anic Paradigm in Addressing Contemporary Challenges’, Afkar, 25.2 (2023), 153–92 <https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol25no2.5>
Kader, Haithem, ‘Human Well-Being, Morality and the Economy: An Islamic Perspective’, Islamic Economic Studies, 28.2 (2021), 102–23 <https://doi.org/10.1108/ies-07-2020-0026>
Kausar, Zia Ur Rehman, Aziz Ur Rehman Ariyan, Abdul Haq, Hafiz Muhammad Ibrar Ullah, Umer Yousaf, ‘Exploring Thanatology ( A Scientific Study of Death ) through the Lens of Islamic Eschatology : A Comprehensive Examination’, Remittances Review, 9.2 (2024), 255–71 <https://doi.org/: https://doi.org/10.33282/rr.vx9i2.15>
Kevin M. Richard, ‘Tawḥīdic Allah, the Trinity, and the Eschaton: A Comparative Analysis of the Qualitative Nature of the Afterlife in Islam and Christianity’ (Liberty University School Of Divinity Tawḥīdic, 2019)
Latifa, Rena, Komaruddin Hidayat, and Akhmad Sodiq, ‘Commentary on Place Spirituality: An Islamic Perspective’, Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 41.1 (2019), 38–42 <https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672418825314>
Manj Muhammad Shahbaz, Saeed ur Rahman, Ruqia Bano, Sabiha Abdul Quddus, Unsa khan, Zafar Zainab, ‘A Study of Sira in the West in the 21st Century Punjab Multan Lecturer Department of Islamic Studies , The Women University Multan Lecturer Department of Islamic Studies , The Women University Multan Unsa Khan Lecturer Department of Islamic Studies , The’, Research, 08.02 (2023) <https://doi.org/ISSN: 2639-5274>
Mariam, Siti, and Malinumbay S Salasal, ‘The Concept of Land Ownership: Islamic Perspective’, Buletin Geoinformasi Jld. 2 No. 2, 2, 1998, 285–304
Mehmet Ozalp, ‘God and Tawhid in Classical Islamic Theology and Said Nursi’s Risale-I Nur’, Department of Studies in Religion School of Letters, Art and Media Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Sydney (University of Sydney, 2016)
Miller, Arthur I., ‘Albert Einstein and Max Wertheimer: A Gestalt Psychologist’s View of the Genesis of Special Relativity Theory’, History of Science, 13.xiii (1975), 75–103 <https://doi.org/1975HisSc..13...75M>
Mohamed, Najma, ‘Revitalising an Eco-Justice Ethic of Islam by Way of Environmental Education : Implications for Islamic Education’, Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, March, 2012, 377
Mohamed Wajdi Ben Hammed, ‘Contesting the Empty Time of Modernity: Sufi Temporalities in Postcolonial Arab Thought and Literature’, Columbia University, Officially Columbia University in the City of New York (Columbia University, 2022)
1 (2013), 7–24 <https://doi.org/10.5840/cultura20131011>
Mufid, Fathul, ‘Islamic Sciences Integration’, QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 2.2 (2014), 144–60 <https://doi.org/DOI : 10.21043/qijis.v2i2.1565>
Mutahhari, M, R Campell, Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari, and R Campbell, ‘Fundamentals of Islamic Thought: God, Man and the Universe’, Al-Islam.Org, 1985, 95
Norazmi Anas, Dr. Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku Alwi, Dr. Mohd. Hudzari Haji Razali, Roose Nilawati Subki & Nor Aini Abu Bakar, ‘The Integration Of Knowledge In Islam:, Concept And Challenge’, Global Journal of Human Social Science Linguistics & Education, 13.10 (2013), 50–55 <https://doi.org/Online ISSN: 2249-460x&Print ISSN: 0975-587X>
Prasetia, Senata Adi, Arif Ainur Rofiq, Joki Perdani Sawai, and Rezki Perdani Sawai, ‘Ibn Sinā’s Psychology: The Substantiation of Soul Values in Islamic Education’, Journal of Quran Sunnah Education & Special Needs, 6.2 (2022), 49–61 <https://doi.org/10.33102/jqss.vol6no2.162>
Raja Bahar Khan Soomro, Abdul Basit Soomro, Understanding Islam Through The Lens Of Glorious Qur’an, ed. by Raja Bahar Khan Soomro & Abdul Basit Soomro, 1st edn, 2023
Ruhullah, Mohammad Eisa, Ushama Thameem, and Binti Norman Nurul Ain, ‘Integrating Knowledge and Democracy for Practical Reform to Overcome Political Crisis in Bangladesh’, Khazanah Sosial, 6.1 (2024), 132–51 <https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v6i1.34177>
Ruhullah, Mohammad Eisa, and Thameem Ushama, ‘Islamic Epistemology in the Bangladesh Government System (1996–2022): An Analysis of Political Ideologies’, Jurnal Bina Praja, 15.3 (2023), 479–93 <https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.479-493>
Suhifatullah, M. I., Sutarman Sutarman, and Mastur Thoyib, ‘Character Education Strategies in Improving Students’ Spiritual Intelligence’, International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 8.2 (2021) <https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v8n2.1350>
Tamimi, Azzam S., Rachid Ghannouchi, Rachid Ghannouchi, 2001 <https://doi.org/10.1093/0195140001.001.0001>
Tesař, Jakub, ‘Quantum Theory of International Relations: Approaches and Possible Gains’, Human Affairs, 25.4 (2015), 486–502 <https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2015-0039>
Tijani, Ahmad Ashimi, ‘Islamic Civilization: Factors Behind Its Glory and Decline’, International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 9.5 (2016), 180–84
Usman, Abur Hamdi, Mohd Farid Ravi Abdullah, and Mazlan Ibrahim, ‘Quranic Views On Quality Of Islamic Educational System Pandangan Al-Quran Terhadap Kualiti Sistem Pendidikan Islam’, Jurnal Pengajian Islam, 15.1 (2022), 29–41
Uthman Sulaiman, Kabuye, ‘An Islamic Perspective on the Protection of the Mind and Attainment of Happiness’, Hotel Putra, 6 (2017), 978–967
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Eisa Ruhullah, Thameem Ushama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
