The Role of Victim’s Assistant to Prevent Secondary Victimization : Case Women Victim of Marital Rape
Authors :
(1)
Jenny Rahayu Afsebel Situmorang 
(Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia)
(2)
Vinita Susanti (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia)Abstract
Women (wives) is the most hidden victim of marital rape. Regarding this issue, we argue that women victims need victim assistance to prevent secondary victimization. This article is based on a literature review with a qualitative approach. Turning to marital rape cases in Indonesia, women's victims get harmful impacts in physiological and physical. Women victims of marital rape in Tanjung Priok, Bali, Pasuruan, and "L" are some of them. We conclude that the government and other stakeholders need to provide victim assistance for women victims of marital rape in mental and physical health, legal services (advocacy), economic empowerment, campaign, and particular public services spaces. The first thing to do is mental and physical health, but the next part, like legal services, is essential to prevent secondary victimization. Therefore, campaign to build awareness from society is essential to prevent stigmatization for women victims of marital rape. Finally, to implementing the role of victim assistant to prevent secondary victimization in marital rape cases needs unity for people by people and institution by institution. It is needed the same standpoint about marital rape.
Perempuan (secara khusus istri) merupakan korban tersembunyi dari pemerkosaan dalam pernikahan (marital rape). Menanggapi hal tersebut, menjadi penting untuk mempertimbangkan peran pendampingan korban atau victimassistance untuk menghindari viktimisasi sekunder (secondary victimization). Adapun artikel ini berdasarkan penelusuran literatur (literature review) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Mengacu pada kasus marital rape yang dialami perempuan (istri) di Indonesia, maka hal tersebut berdampak buruk secara fisik maupun psikologis. Perempuan di Tanjung Priok, Bali, Pasuruan dan “L” merupakan contoh korban marital rape. Kesimpulan tulisan ini yaitu mendorong pemerintah dan pihak terkait agar segera menyediakan layanan pendampingan perempuan korban marital rape secara fisik, psikologis, bantuan hukum, pemberdayaan ekonomi, kampanye dan layanan di ruang publik. Hal yang pertama dilakukan adalah pendampingan layanan fisik dan mental. Kemudian, membangun kesadaran publik agar perempuan korban marital rape tidak distigmatisasi. Akhirnya, untuk menerapkan peran victimassistant sebagai pencegahan secondary victimization bagi perempuan korban marital rape membutuhkan kesatuan dari berbagai pihak dan lembaga. Persepektif yang sama terkait marital rape jelas dibutuhkan.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF
| DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v5i2.4709
References
Journal;
Brotto, Gaelle L.M., Grant Sinnamon, and Wayne Petherick. Victimology and Predicting Victims of Personal Violence. The Psychology of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior: Victim and Offender Perspectives, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809287-3.00003-1.
Chihnitha, K Mayukha. “Judicial Interpretation of ‘Consent’ in Rape Cases in Indian Courts and Application in Marital Rape Cases.” VNU Journal of Science: Legal Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4342.
Davies, Pamela. “Feminist Voices, Gender and Victimisation.” In Handbook of Victims and Victimology, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2018. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315712871-8/feminist-voices-gender-victimisation-pamela-davies.
Farvid, Panteá, and Rany Saing. “‘If I Don’t Allow Him to Have Sex With Me, Our Relationship Will Be Broken’: Rape, Sexual Coercion, and Sexual Compliance Within Marriage in Rural Cambodia.” Violence Against Women, 2021, 107780122110211. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211021130.
Gul, Pelin, and Isabell Schuster. “Judgments of Marital Rape as a Function of Honor Culture, Masculine Reputation Threat, and Observer Gender: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Turkey, Germany, and the UK.” Aggressive Behavior 46, no. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21893.
Jaffe, Anna E., Anne L. Steel, David DiLillo, Terri L. Messman-Moore, and Kim L. Gratz. “Characterizing Sexual Violence in Intimate Relationships: An Examination of Blame Attributions and Rape Acknowledgment.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36, no. 1–2 (2021): 469–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517726972.
Krienert, Jessie L., and Jeffrey A. Walsh. “An Examination of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: Comparing Marital and Nonmarital Incidents Employing NIBRS Data, 2008-2012.” Partner Abuse 9, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.9.1.41.
Mengo, Cecilia, Moses Okumu, Bernadette Ombayo, Shamsun Nahar, and Eusebius Small. “Marital Rape and HIV Risk in Uganda: The Impact of Women’s Empowerment Factors.” Violence Against Women 25, no. 15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218821444.
Morash, Merry. “Feminist Theories of Crime.” Feminist Theories of Crime, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315094113.
Ogunwale, A. O., I. O. Dipeolu, and O. L. Olaitan. “Knowledge and Perceptions of Marital Rape among Women in Oyo State, Nigeria.” African Journal of Biomedical Research 23, no. 3 (2020).
Osborn, Kirsty, Josh P. Davis, Susan Button, and John Foster. “Juror Decision Making in Acquaintance and Marital Rape: The Influence of Clothing, Alcohol, and Preexisting Stereotypical Attitudes.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36, no. 5–6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518768566.
Pearl, Alice, Eric Y Tenkorang, and Adobea Y Owusu. “Can Marriage (Re) Produce and Legitimize Sexual Violence ?: A Phenomenological Study of a Ghanaian Patrilineal Society.” Women’s Studies International Forum 77, no. June (2019): 102296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102296.
Situmorang, Jenny Rahayu Afsebel. “Feminist Consciousness To Prevent Marital Rape Victimization of Women During the Covid-19” 6 (2021): 1–12.
Riyani, Irma, and Lyn Parker. “Women Exercising Sexual Agency in Indonesia.” Women’s Studies International Forum 69, no. January (2018): 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.05.002.
Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction. Feminist Thought, Student Economy Edition: A More Comprehensive Introduction, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429493836.
Willis, Malachi, Kelli N Murray, Kristen N Jozkowski, Malachi Willis, Kelli N Murray, and Kristen N Jozkowski Sexual. “Sexual Consent in Committed Relationships : A Dyadic Study Sexual Consent in Committed Relationships : A Dyadic Study.” Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 0, no. 0 (2021): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.1937417.
Book;
Connell, Michael O. “Victimology: An Introduction to the Notion of Criminal Victimisation,” 1998, 192–241.
Mustofa, Muhammad. Kriminologi Kajian Sosiologi Terhadap Kriminalitas, Perilaku Menyimpang Dan Pelanggaran Hukum. 3rd ed. Kencana: Prenadamedia Group, 2021.
Randall, Melanie, Jeniffer Koshan, and Patricia Nyaundi. The Right to Say No Marital Rape and Law Reform in Canada, Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2017. https://ereader.perlego.com/1/book/809305/5.
Shapland, Joanna. “Intervensions and Services for Victim of Crime.” In Handbook of Victims and Victimology, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2018. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315712871-14/interventions-services-victims-crime-joanna-shapland.
Tartaro, Christine. Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. Routledge, 2021.
Walby, Sylvia, Jude Towers, Susie Balderston, Consuelo Corradi, Brian Francis, Markku Heiskanen, Karin Helweg-Larsen, et al. “Conceptualising Violence and Gender.” In The Concept and Measurement of Violence. Bristol University Press and Policy Press, 2017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv47w5j0.8.
Wolhuter, Lorraine, Neil Olley, and David Denham. Victimology Victimisation and Victims ’ Rights. Taylor & Francis, 2009.
Other;
Azhari, Jimmy Ramadhan. “Istri Dianiaya Suami Di Depan Anaknya Karena Tolak Berhubungan Badan.” Kompas.com, 2019. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2019/07/08/13341591/istri-dianiaya-suami-di-depan-anaknya-karena-tolak-berhubungan-badan.
Komnas Perempuan. “CATAHU 2021: Catatan Tahunan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan 2020.” Komnas Perempuan. Jakarta, 2021. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/uploadedFiles/1466.1614933645.pdf.
Ramadhani, Nurul Fitri. “Marital Rape Remains Taboo Topic in Patriarchal Society.” Jakarta Post, 2019. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/09/marital-rape-remains-taboo-topic-patriarchal-society.html.
Saputra, Andi. “Lagi, Suami Dipenjara Karena Memperkosa Istrinya.” Detik.com, 2015. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2959821/lagi-suami-dipenjara-karena-memperkosa-istrinya.
Singh, Mansi. “Marital Rape.” Supremo Amicus 12 (2019). https://supremoamicus.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Volume-12.v12.pdf#page=121.
Tippet, Krista. “Resmaa Menakem ‘Notice the Rage; Notice the Silence.’” Onbeing.org, 2020. https://onbeing.org/programs/resmaa-menakem-notice-the-rage-notice-the-silence/.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v5i2.4709
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jenny Rahayu Afsebel Situmorang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
______________________________________________
 | HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies |
