Phonological Disorder in Speaking Among Stroke Patients: A Neurolinguistics Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30983/mj.v4i2.8891Keywords:
Broca's area, Wernicke's area,, phonological disorders,, neurolinguistics, , stroke., broca's area, wernicke's area, phonological disorders, neurolinguistics, stroke.Abstract
The objective of this research is to identify the types of phonological disorders in Indonesian-speaking stroke patients and to determine the disturbed dominant hemisphere based on the structure of these phonological disorders. The data are obtained from the utterances of stroke patients who experience difficulty in producing speech. Data are collected using the listening method related to language disorders in stroke patients with basic recording techniques, followed by the technique of free listening without speech involvement. Data analysis uses the matching method, with the basic technique being the KES (Key Element Segregation) technique, which involves categorizing phonological disorders such as addition, omission, substitution, or metathesis in vowel and consonant sounds. Additionally, the dominant disturbance in either Broca's or Wernicke's areas, as viewed through the phonological disorders, is identified. The results show that phonological disorders occur more frequently in consonant sounds (54.66%) compared to vowel sounds (45.33%) in stroke patients. Sound omission and substitution are the two most common types of disturbances observed. The analysis also suggests that phonological disorders in most stroke patients are related to disturbances in the dominant hemisphere, particularly in Broca's area, which controls speech sound production. However, there is one case (Patient V) that indicates a disturbance in the language comprehension area, Wernicke's area
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe gangguan fonologis yang terjadi pada penderita stroke dalam berbahasa Indonesia dan menentukan hemisfer dominan yang terganggu berdasarkan susunan gangguan fonologis tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan neurolinguistik. Data diambil dari ujaran penderita stroke yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memproduksi ujaran. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik dasar rekam dan dilanjutkan dengan teknik simak bebas libat cakap. Metode dan teknik analisis data menggunakan metode padan, teknik dasarnya adalah teknik pilah unsur penentu (PUP) yaitu dengan memilah-milah gangguan fonologis yang meliputi adisi, omisi, substitusi atau metatesis pada bunyi vokal dan konsonan. Begitu juga dengan memilah-milah hemisfer dominan area Broca atau Wernicke yang terganggu dilihat dari gangguan fonologis yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan fonologis lebih sering terjadi pada bunyi konsonan (54,66%) dibandingkan bunyi vokal (45,33%) di antara penderita stroke. Omisi dan substitusi bunyi merupakan dua jenis gangguan yang paling sering terjadi pada ujaran penderita stroke. Analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa gangguan fonologis pada sebagian besar penderita stroke terkait dengan gangguan pada hemisfer dominan, khususnya area Broca, yang mengendalikan produksi bunyi ujaran. Namun, terdapat satu kasus yang menunjukkan gangguan pada area pemahaman bahasa, yaitu area Wernicke pada penderita stroke V.
Kata Kunci: area broca, area wernicke, gangguan fonologis, neurolinguistik, stroke.
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