Indonesian Exegetists and Multiculturalism: Study about Hamka and Muhammad Quraish Shihabs Idea on Multiculturalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v7i2.7341Keywords:
Multiculturalism, Pluralism, Gender equality, human identity.Abstract
Abstract
This article aims to discuss the idea of multiculturalism from the views of two Indonesian figures, Hamka and Quraish Shihab. Dawam Rahardjo (2010) argues that the principle of multiculturalism in Indonesia has not been properly understood because it is littered with mutual suspicion and concern, especially among majority and minority groups. In real terms, the idea of multiculturalism has not been received by Muslims in general. Firmly, the MUI and Kisdi (Indonesian Committee for Islamic World Solidarity) reject pluralism (2005); Multiculturalism as a pluralistic perspective is not only about recognizing and respecting the plurality of realities but also paying attention to aspects of interaction and the existence of each culture as equal entities. Based on the author's observations, the Qur'an contains many verses that can be used as a basis for building cooperation, mutual respect, tolerance and appreciation, a willingness to accept diversity, reconciliation between people, and peaceful coexistence between cultural groups, based on the principle of justice and equality, and others multiculturalism principles. The methods used in this article are the content analysis method and the comparative method. Furthermore, this research uses historical and sociological approaches.
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang gagasan multikulturalisme dari pandangan dua tokoh Indonesia, yaitu Hamka dan Quraish Shihab. Dawam Rahardjo (2010), melihat bahwa prinsip multikulturalisme di Indonesia belum dipahami secara benar, karena dikotori oleh sikap saling curiga dan kekhawatiran, terutama kelompok mayoritas dan minoritas. Secara riel, gagasan tentang multikulturalisme belum mendapat penerimaan yang memadai dari umat Islam pada umumnya. Secara tegas, MUI dan Kisdi (Komite Indonesia untuk Solidaritas Dunia Islam) menolak paham pluralisme (2005); Multikulturalisme sebagai cara pandang kemajemukan bukan hanya sekedar mengakui dan menghormati kemajemukan realitas, tapi juga memperhatikan aspek interaksi dan keberadaan setiap kebudayaan sebagai entitas yang setara dan memiliki hak yang setara pula di tengah masyarakat. Berdasarkan pengamatan penulis, Al-Qur'an banyak memuat ayat yang bisa dijadikan asas untuk membangun kerjasama, saling menghormati, toleransi dan penghargaan, kesediaan untuk menerima keragaman, rekonsilidasi antarmanusia, dan hidup berdampingan secara damai antarkelompok budaya, berdasarkan prinsip keadilan, kesetaraan, dan prinsip multikulturalisme lainnya. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah metode analisis isi (content analysis)dan metode komparatif. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan historis dan sosiologis.
References
Azyumardi, Azra. “Identitas Dan Krisis Budaya, Membangun Multikulturalisme,†2007.
Bagus, Loren. Dictionary of Philosophy. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2000.
Baker, Anton. Philosophical Research Methodology. Yogjakarta: Kanisius, 1989.
Bukhori, Imam. “Membumikan Multikulturalisme"Humanistika".†Jurnal Keislaman 5, no.1 (2019):13–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36835/humanistika.v5i1.40.
Caleb Rosado. “Toward a Definition of Multiculturalism,†n.d.
Council, Australian Ethnic Affairs. Australia as a Multicultural Society, Warneke, Ross. “Do We Really Want a Multi-Culture?â€, The Age, 1981.
Darity, Sandy. “International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences,†2008.
Federspiel, Howard M. Kajian Al-Qur’an Di Indonesia,. Bandung: Bandung, 1996.
Fedyani, and Ahmad Syaefuddin. “MembumikanMultikulturalisme Di Indonesia.†Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Budaya 2, no. 1 (2006): hlm 4.
Foucoult, Michel. The Archeology of Knowledge & The Discour on Language. New York: Pantheon, 1972.
Hamka. Lembaga Hidup. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 2001.
———. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Vol. 1., n.d.
———. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Vol.XXVI. Jakarta: PT.Pustaka Panjimas, 2005.
Harris, Khalif Muammar A., and Adibah Muhtar. “The Concept of Gender Equality in Islam and the West.†Afkar 21, no. 2 (2019): 33–74. https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol21no2.2.
Hernandez, Hilda. Multiculturalism in Educations: A Teacher Guide To Linking Context, Process And Content. New Jersy & Ohio: Prentic Hall, 2003.
Kuper, Adam, and Jessica. Ensiklopedi Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: Raja Gravindo, 2000.
Kymlieka, Will. Multicultural Citizenship. Yogjakarta: LP3ES, 2002.
Laode Monto Bauto. “Perspektif Agama Dan Kebudayaan Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Indonesia (Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologi Agama).†Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial 23, no. 2 (2014): 11–25.
Laso, A, and S Rahayu. “Peranan Multikulturalisme Dalam Islam.†Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosial 1, no. 3 (2022).
Liliweri, Alo. Prasangka Dan Konflik. Yogjakarta: LKiS, 2009.
Lopez, Mark. The Origins of Multiculturalism in Australian Politics, n.d.
Ma’arif, Syafi’I. Hamka Tentang Ayat 62 Al-Baqarah Dan Ayat 69 Al-Mâidah. Republika, 2006.
Mansour Fakih. Analisis Gender Dan Transformasi Sosial,. Yogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2003.
Menadue, J.L. Towards Multicultural Australia. German Times, 1981.
Munawar Rachman, Argumen Islam Untuk Pluralisme, (Jakarta: Grasindo, 2010), hlm. 42. Argumen Islam Untuk Pluralisme,. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2010.
“No Title,†2013.
Parekh, Bikhu. “Rethinking Multiculturalism.†In Terj. Bambang Kukuh Adi. Yogjakarta: Kanisius, 2008.
Pozzetta, George. Assimilation, Acculturation, and Social Mobility, 1991.
Rahman, Fazlur. Major Themes of the Qur’an. Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1980.
Rongers, M., Everett, and Thomas M. Steinfatt, Intercultural Communication. Illinois: Waveland Press, 1999.
Rustandi, Ahmad Deni, Dody S. Truna, Rosihon Anwar, and Asep Muhyidin. “Konteks Lokal Dalam Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Toleransi Dalam Kitab Tafsir Al-Mishbah Karya M. Quraish Shihab.†AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis 6, no. 1 (2022): 319. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v6i1.3321.
Shiahb, Quraish. Wawasan Al-Qur’an. Bandung: Mizan, 1996.
Shihab, Quraish. “Pluralisme Gusdur Masih Relevan,†n.d.
———. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Vol.IV., n.d.
———. Tafsir Al-Misbah. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2003.
———. Tafsir Al Misbah. Jld, VII., n.d.
———. Wawasan Al-Qur’an, Bandung: Mizan, 1996. Bandung: Mizan, 1996.
———. Wawasan Al-Qur’an. Bandung: Mizan, 2001.
Sparingga, Daniel. “Multikultualisme Dalam Multi Perspektif Di Indonesia.†In Forum Rektor Simpul Jatim, Hidup Berbangsa Etika Multikultural, 2003.
Steenbrink, Karel. “Hamka (1908-1981) and the Integration of the Islamic Ummah of Indonesia.†Studia Islamika 1, no. 3 (1994): 119–47. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v1i3.851.
Suparlan, Parsudi. “Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia Yang Multikultural.†Simposium Internasional Bali Ke-3. 2022.
Syafi’i Maarif, Ahmad. “Dalam Resonansi, Harian Republika,†November 2006.
Taylor, Jean Gelman. “Hamka’s Great Story: A Master Writer’s Vision of Islam for Modern Indonesia.†Asian Studies Review 41, no. 4 (2017): 687–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2017.1317616.
Yasin, R. Cecep Lukman, and Khaled M. Abou El Fadl. “Atas Nama Tuhan: Dari Fikih Otoriter Ke Fikih Otoritatif.†In Terj. R. Cecep Lukman Yasin, hlm 138-139. Jakarta, 2004.
Downloads
Additional Files
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Syaik Abdillah, Ris’an Rusli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).