Al-Qur’an in View of Theology Kalam Maturidiah and Shi'ah

Authors

  • Tri Yuliana Wijayanti UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, West Sumatera
  • Ferki Ahmad Marlion UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, West Sumatera
  • Irwandi Irwandi UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, West Sumatera
  • Farid Ahmad Marlion UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, West Sumatera

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v6i1.5231

Keywords:

Al-Qur'an, Maturidiah, Shia, Theology Kalam

Abstract

Al-Qur'an is the holy book from Allah to the Prophet Muhammad and as proof of his prophethood. In Islam, the science that discusses the problem of divinity is studied in the science of kalam, which in its development emerged several theologies with different understandings, including Maturidiyah and Shi'ism. This study tries to find Maturidiyah and Shia views on the Qur'an. By using theological and textual approaches, the researcher explores the views of the two schools of thought on the Qur'an. Based on the results of the deductive analysis, it is concluded that Maturidiyah Samarkand distinguishes the kalam lafdzi and nafsiy of the Qur'an. This is because the Qur'an is an arrangement of letters and sounds, so it is lafdzi while nafsiy is an abstract word and cannot be detected through the human senses. Maturidiyah Bukhara views the Qur'an as not kalamullah (the nature of God), but kalamullah in the majazi sense. The Shia have a different view, namely the belief that the Qur'an in today's era is fake and not mutawatir. It is hoped that through this paper, it can increase people's faith in Allah swt and expand knowledge related to currents in the science of kalam.  Al-Qur'an adalah kitab suci dari Allah kepada Nabi Muhammad saw sekaligus sebagai bukti kenabiannya. Dalam Islam, ilmu yang membahas masalah ketuhanan dipelajari dalam ilmu kalam, yang dalam perkembangannya muncul beberapa teologi dengan pemahaman yang berbeda-beda, di antaranya Maturidiyah dan Syi'ah. Kajian ini mencoba menemukan pandangan Maturidiyah dan Syiah terhadap Al-Qur'an. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teologis dan tekstual, peneliti menggali pandangan kedua mazhab tersebut terhadap al-Qur'an. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deduktif, disimpulkan bahwa Maturidiyah Samarkand membedakan kalam lafdzi dan nafsiy al-Qur'an. Hal ini karena Al-Qur'an merupakan susunan huruf dan bunyi, sehingga bersifat lafdzi sedangkan nafsiy merupakan kata yang abstrak dan tidak dapat dideteksi melalui indera manusia. Maturidiyah Bukhara memandang al-Qur'an bukan kalamullah (sifat Tuhan), melainkan kalamullah dalam pengertian majazi. Syi'ah memiliki pandangan yang berbeda, yaitu keyakinan bahwa Al-Qur'an di era sekarang ini palsu dan tidak mutawatir. Diharapkan melalui makalah ini dapat meningkatkan keimanan masyarakat kepada Allah swt dan memperluas pengetahuan terkait arus dalam ilmu kalam.

References

Abidin, Ahmad Zainal. “Shi’ite Ideology Bias In Al-Qummi Tafsir : Study of Ali Imran and Al-Nisa Chapters.†Esensia 19, no. 2 (2018): 185–97. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v19i2.1594.

Afandi, Zamzam, Habib dan Moh.Ali Qorror Al Khasy. “Verbal Violance in Sunni-Shia Debate: Al-Munazarat Baina Fuqaha’i Al-Syi’ah Wa Fuqaha’ Al-Sunnah Book Study.†Kalam 13, no. 2 (2019): 167–90. https://doi.org/10.24042/klm.v13i2.4674.

Al-Fauzan, Shalih bin Fauzan. Kitab Tauhid. Edited by Achmad Rifai. Sukoharjo: Insan Kamil Solo, 2017.

Arikunto, Suharsimi. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Reneka Cipta, 1988.

Armia, Muhammad Siddiq. "Serpihan Pemikiran Hukum Islam dalam Mazhab Syiah.†Dusturiyah 7, no. 2 (2017): 86–99. https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiyah.v7i2.3262.

Ash-Shiddieqy, Teungku Muhammad Hasbi. Sejarah dan Pengantar Ilmu Tauhid/Kalam. Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2012.

Atabik, Ahmad. “Melacak Historisitas Syiah (Asal Usul, Perkembangan dan Aliran-Alirannya).†Fikrah 3, no. 2 (2015): 325–48. https://doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v3i2.1800.

-------“The Discourse of Qurʹanic Metaphors : The Embryo of Theological Sects Disputes in Comprehending the Holy Qurʹan.†Esensia 22, no. 1 (2021): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v22i1.2705.

Atharuddin. "Syiah Nusairiyyah; Sejarah, Ideologi, dan Ajarannya.†Kalimah 12, no. 1 (2014): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v12i1.225.

Awaluddin, Asep. “Urgensi Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama'ah dan Pendidikan KEbangsaan (Tinjauan Atas Qonun Assasy Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama ’ Ah Karya Rois Akbar Nahdlatul Ulama KH . Hasyim Asy ’ Ari).†Muslim Heritage 5, no. 2 (2020): 325–44. https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v5i2.2301.

Fahimah, Siti. “Epistemologi Hadis Sunni-Syiah : Analisa Terhadap Implikasinya.†Alamtara 2, no. 1 (2018): 51–64. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v5i1.

Fajri, Muhammad. “Dynamics of The Study of The Quran in Indonesia : Language and Paradigm.†Islam Transformatif 5, no. 1 (2021): 59–71. https://doi.org/http://10.30983/it.v5i1.4130.

Fauzi. “Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah di Indonesia : Antara Al-Asyariyyah dan Ahli Hadits.†Rusydiah 1, no. 2 (2020): 156–76. https://doi.org/10.35961/rsd.v1i2.209.

Febrianti, Mila. "Aliran Syiah dan Pemikirannya.†Mimbar 6, no. 1 (2020): 86–97. https://doi.org/10.47435/mimbar.v6i1.805.

Fikrotin, Vera dan Aufa Aisa. “Kemukjizatan Al Quran dari Segi Kebahasaan dan Keilmuan.†Dinamika 4, no. 1 (2019): 75–92. https://doi.org/10.32764/dinamika.v4i01.366.

Ghazali, Dede Ahmad dan Heri Gunawan. Studi Islam Suatu Pengantar Dengan Pendekatan Interdisipliner. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2017.

Hamka. “Maturidiyah: Kelahiran Dan Perkembangannya.†Hunafa 4, no. 3 (2007): 257–70. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v4i3.218.257-270.

Hartati, Sri dan Muhamad Rezi. “Dimensi Psikologi dalam Alquran (Analisis Tekstual Tentang Ayat-Ayat Alquran).†Islam Transformatif 03, no. 01 (2019): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v3i1.844.

Hasan, Siti Muawanatul. “Aktualisasi Paham Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah (Aswaja) Bagi Kehidupan Generasi Milenial.†An 1, no. 2 (2021): 100–108.

Hastuti, Harry Fajar Maulana. “Konflik Ideologi Syiah dan Sunni dalam Media Online.†Medialog 2, no. 1 (2019): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.35326/medialog.v2i1.152.

Humaini. “Konflik Sunni-Syiah di Timur Tengah Perspektif Geopolitik Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Hubungan Sunni-Syiah di Indonesia.†Jurnal CMES 12, no. 2 (2019): 156–69. https://doi.org/10.20961/cmes.12.2.37890.

Indonesia, Tim Ahlul Bait. Buku Putih Mazhab Syiah Menurut Para Ulamanya Yang Muktabar. 4th ed. Jakarta Selatan: Dewan Pengurus Pusat Ahlul Bait Indonesia, 2012.

Iqbal, Muhammad. “Perspektif Syiah Imamiyah Tentang Dimensi Tauhid.†Islamijah 1, no. 2 (2020): 162–76. https://doi.org/10.30821/islamijah.v1i2.7226.

Iryana, Wahyu dkk. “The Existence of Shia in Indonesia Between Tradition.†Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 28, no. 2 (2018): 125–36.

Khairudin, Fiddian dan Amaruddin. “Mengungkap Penafsiran Al-Qur'an Versi Syiah Kajian Tafsir Al-Mizan fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an Karya At_Tabataba’i.†Syahadah VI, no. 6 (2018): 91–114. https://doi.org/10.32495/.v3i2.80.

M, Yopi, A Rahman Ritonga dan Deswalantri. “Metode Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Alquran Hadis Pada MAN 2 Bukittinggi.†Islam Transformatif 03, no. 01 (2019): 38–51. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v3i1.1216.

Manan, Abdul dan Jovial Pally Taran. “The Sunni - Shia Conflict in the History of Islam : An Analytical Descriptive Study.†Palita 5, no. 2 (2020): 165–82. https://doi.org/10.24256/pal.v5i2.1327.

Marlion, ferki ahmad. “تأثير أسلوب ملء الحرو٠المÙقودة على مهارة الكتابة لدى التلاميذ بحث تجريبي ÙÙŠ المدرسة الثانوية عائشية بادنج.†Arabia 13, no. 1 (2021): 23–46.

----------. “Metode Pendidikan Dipelajari Dari Metode Bijak Dalam Al-Quran.†Repository.Uinjkt.Ac.Id. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2017.

----------, dan Dardari. “أسلوب الحكيم ÙÙŠ القرآن الكريم: دراسة تحليلية بلاغية ‎.†Lughawiyah: Journal of Arabic Education and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (2019): 62–89. https://doi.org/10.31958/lughawiyah.v1i2.

----------, dan Tri Yuliana Wijayanti. “Makna Ayat-Ayat Perumpamaan di Dalam Surat Ali Imran.†An-Nida’ 43, no. 2 (2019): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v43i2.12320.

----------, Kamaluddin Kamaluddin, and Putri Rezeki. “Tasybih At-Tamtsil dalam Al-Qur΄an: Analisis Balaghah Pada Surah Al-Kahfi.†Lughawiyah 3, no. 1 (2021): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.31958/lughawiyah.v3i1.3210.

Maturidi, Abu Mansur Al. Takwiilaat Ahl As Sunnah (Tafsiir Al Maaturiidi. Beirut: Daar Al Kutub Al ’Ilmiyyah, 2005.

Muarif, Ahmad Syamsul dan Mohammad Yunus. “Tinjauan Teologi Islam di Dunia: ‘Isu Dan Prospek’ Frederick Mathewson Denny.†Islamika 19, no. 2 (2019): 40–53.

Mukromin. “Tahrif Al-Quran Antara Sunni dan Syiah.†Manarul Qur’an 15, no. 1 (2015): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.32699/mq.v15i1.

Muniron. Ilmu Kalam; Sejarah, Metode, Ajaran dan Analisis Perbandingan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2015.

Murdiono, Nur Hasaniyah dan Hadi Nur Taufiq. “Makna Lafazh Qaul dan Kalam di dalam Al-Quran Menurut Perspektif Ilmu Balaghah.†Arabi 6, no. 1 (2021): 68–78. https://doi.org/10.24865/ajas.v6i1.318.

Musadat, Irfan. “Paradigma Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah (Aswaja) Dengan Pendekatan Kultural : Strategi Membangun Sikap Keberagamaan.†An Nahdhoh 1, no. 1 (2021): 59–73.

Musthofa, Muhammad Wakhid dan Mohamad Yusup. “A Solution to the Sunni and Shia Conflict in Sampang Madura Using a Dynamic Game Theory.†Dialogia 19, no. 2 (2021): 402–29. https://doi.org/10.21154/dialogia.v19i2.3026.

Mutawali, Muhammad. “Arab Sunni dan Iran Syi'ah Kontemporer : Konflik Atau Persaingan?†Fitua 1, no. 1 (2020): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v1i1.228.

Nisa, Afdilla“Quality of Hadith Shalih in The Book of Sunan Abiy Dawud Disputed By Nasr Al Din Al-Abaniy And Shu’aib Al-Arnauth.†Islam Transformatif 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v5i1.4457.

Pramasto, Arafah. “Islamization, Shia, And Iran: The Historical Background of Shia-Iran Sensitive Issues.†Islamuna 7, no. 1 (2020): 19–35. https://doi.org/10.19105/islamuna.v7i1.2629.

Pusat, Tim Penulis MUI. Mengenal & Mewaspadai Syi'ah di Indonesia. Jakarta: FORMAS, 2013.

Rahmi, Yulia. “Konstruksi Manhaj Akademisi Terhadap Kitab Tafsir Al-Fatihah Karya Mahmud Yunus.†Islam Transformatif 4, no. 2 (2020): 59–60. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v4i2.3407.

Rohmana, Jajang A. “Al-Quran Sebagai Basis Aktivitas Pendidikan : Kontribusi Tafsir Surat Luqman Karya K . H . Abdulchalim Iskandar.†Mashdar 3, no. 2 (2AD): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.15548/mashdar.v3i2.2976.

Rozak, Abdul dan Rosihon Anwar. Ilmu Kalam. 2nd ed. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2016.

Sahilul, An-Nashir. Pemikiran Kalam. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2016.

Sari, Karina Purnama. "Perkembangan Pemikiran Klasik dan Modern.†Ad-Dirasah 1, no. 1 (2018): 63–78.

Sumarno, Wisnu Fachrudin. “Sejarah Politik Republik Islam Iran Tahun 1905-1979.†Sangkep 3, no. 2 (2020): 145–58. https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v2i2.p-ISSN.

Sumiati, Murinah dan. “Syi'ah dan Sunni dalam Perspektif Pemikiran Islam.†Tarbawi 3, no. 2 (2018): 162–81. https://doi.org/10.26618/jtw.v4i02.2792.

Supriyatmoko. “Sejarah Al-Quran Versi Syi'ah.†Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogjakarta, 2008.

Susanti, Eri. “Aliran-Aliran Dalam Pemikiran Kalam.†Ad Dirasah 1, no. 1 (2018): 23–42.

Tohawi, Agus. “Strategi Pengembagan Nilai-Nilai Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah dalam Penanaman Keagamaan Pada Diri Remaja Oleh IPNU-IPPNU.†Innovative 7, no. 2 (2020): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.53429/innovative.v7i02.108.

Tsurayya, Rachma Vina. “Hadis Ilmu dalam Pandangan Syiah-Sunni: Perbandingan dan Implementasinya di Ranah Akademik (Telaah Pada Kitab Shahih Muslim dan Ushul Al-Kafi).†Kordinat 19, no. 1 (2020): 169–92. https://doi.org/10.15408/kordinat.v19i1.17790.

Usman, Muh Ilham. “Paham dan Aliran Akidah dalam Islam.†Al-Mutsla 2, no. 2 (2020): 118–39. https://doi.org/10.46870/jstain.v2i2.38.

Widiyanto, Asfa. “Rapprochement Between Sunnism And Shiism In Indonesia Challenges and Opportunities.†Episteme 16, no. 1 (2021): 31–58. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2021.16.1.31-58.

Zar, Abu. “Pemikiran Al-Maturidiyah Dalam Pemikiran Islam.†Adabiyah XIV, no. 2 (2014): 150–63.

Zattullah, Nour. “Konflik Sunni-Syiah Di Sampang Ditinjau Dari Teori Segitiga Konflik Johan Galtung.†Jurnal Ilmu Budaya 9, no. 1 (2021): 86–101. https://doi.org/10.34050/jib.v9i1.12635.

Zein, Adnin dan Muhammad. “Epistemologi Kalam Asy’ariyah Dan Al-Maturidiyah.†Al Hikmah 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.51900/alhikmah.v2i1.7603.

Zubaidi, Ahmad. “Ahlussunah Wal Jamaah’s Political Practices in Post-Reform Indonesia.†Ar Risalah 2, no. 2 (2021): 273–96. https://doi.org/10.34005/alrisalah.v12i2.1400.

Downloads

Submitted

2022-01-08

Accepted

2022-06-19

Published

2022-07-13

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): January - June 2022

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).