Dynamics of Law Enforcement of the Islamic Criminal Law in Aceh in the Indonesian Democratic System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v5i1.4721Keywords:
Qanun jinayah, Human hights, Right violationAbstract
This study focuses on analyzing the dynamics of the application of the Criminal Code (Qanun Jinayah) in the Aceh region. In the Pancasila democratic system run by the Indonesian state, the government guarantees the right of every citizen and belief group to manifest their teachings, but there are some areas that have the authority to enforce special policies such as Aceh which has ratified regional regulations based on Islamic law and the State supports the application of the rules. the. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research expected to be able to reveal qualitative information with description-analysis using the strategy used in this research is a case study. This research indicates that the implementation of Qanun Jinayah carried out in Aceh often results in differences of opinion because some parties consider that the application of the law overlaps with human rights which is usually implemented in democratic countries such as Indonesia, moreover the law also applies to non-Muslim residents who live in Aceh. However, there are also several parties who continue to support the implementation of the Qanun Jinayah to continue to be enforced because they have followed special rules ratified by the Government of Indonesia.
 Penelitian ini berfokus untuk menganalisa dinamika penerapan Peraturan Tindak Pidana (Qanun Jinayah) di wilayah Aceh. Di dalam sistem demokrasi Pancasila yang dijalankan oleh negara Indonesia, pemerintah menjamin hak setiap warga negara maupun kelompok kepercayaan untuk memanifestasikan ajarannya, namun terdapat beberapa wilayah yang memiliki otoritas untuk memberlakukan kebijakan khusus seperti Aceh yang telah mengesahkan peraturan daerah bedasarkan syariat Islam dan Negara mendukung penerapan aturan tersebutMetode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa topik secara mendalam serta menggunakan strategi studi kasus. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan Qanun Jinayah yang dilakukan di Aceh sering kali menghasilkan perbedaan pendapat dikarenakan beberapa pihak menilai bahwa penerapan hukum tersebut tumpang tindih dengan hak asasi manusia, apalagi hukum tersebut juga berlaku bagi penduduk non-muslim yang tinggal di daerah Aceh. Meskipun demikian, terdapat juga beberapa pihak yang terus mendukung penerapan Qanun Jinayah tersebut untuk dapat terus diberlakukan karena sudah mengikuti aturan khusus yang disahkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia
References
Ablisar, Madiasa. “Relevansi Hukuman Cambuk Sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pemidanaan dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana.†Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 14, no. 2 (2014): 22-37. Https://Doi.Org/10.20884/1.Jdh.2014.14.2.296.
Acehkini. “Hukum Cambuk di Aceh: Pernah Mendera 6 Warga Kristen dan 3 Buddha,†2019.
Ahyar, Ahyar. “Aspek Hukum Pelaksanaan Qanun Jinayat di Provinsi Aceh.†Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 17, no. 2 (2017): 131. Https://Doi.Org/10.30641/Dejure.2017.V17.131-154.
Anggraini, Wike, And Nella Safira. “Penegakan Syariat Islam di Kota Banda Aceh – Kinerja Wilayatul Hisbah.†Jurnal Tatapamong 12, no. 1 (2019): 75–94. Https://Doi.Org/10.33701/Jurnaltatapamong.V1i2.1153.
Ansor, Muhammad. “Merayakan Kuasa Agama.†Akademika: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 22, no. 1 (2017): 103. Https://Doi.Org/10.32332/Akademika.V22i1.562.
Ansor, Muhammad, And Yaser Amri. “Being Christians In The Acehnese Way: Illiberal Citizenship And Women’s Agency In The Islamic Public Sphere.†Journal of Indonesian Islam 14, no. 1 (2020): 77–112. Https://Doi.Org/10.15642/JIIS.2020.14.1.77-112.
Artharini, Isyana. “Hukuman Cambuk Atas Non-Muslim di Aceh, Dapat ‘Menjadi Preseden dan Meluas.’†Www.Bbc.Com, 2016.
Asrun, Andi Muhammad, Abdu Rahmat Rosyadi, And Yennie K. Milono. “Mempertanyakan Legalitas Qanun Aceh: Sesuaikah dengan Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.†Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 21, no. 2 (2019): 273–94. Https://Doi.Org/10.24815/Kanun.V21i2.12632.
Assembly, The General. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Chuukese).†Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and The Law 8, no. 1 (2007): 101–6. Https://Doi.Org/10.1163/157181507782200222.
Bagir, Zainal Abidin. Membatasi Tanpa Melanggar. Yogyakarta: Center For Religious And Cross-Cultural Studies, 2019.
Bagir, Zainal Abidin, Asfinawati, Suhadi, And Renata Arianingtyas. “Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief In Indonesia: Norms and Practices.†Religion and Human Rights 15, no. 1–2 (2020): 39–56. Https://Doi.Org/10.1163/18710328-BJA10003.
Bielefeldt, Heiner. “Freedom of Religion or Belief - A Human Right Under Pressure.†Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 2012. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Ojlr/Rwr018.
———. “Misperceptions of Freedom of Religion or Belief.†Human Rights Quarterly 35, no. 1 (2013): 33–68. Https://Doi.Org/10.1353/Hrq.2013.0009.
———. “‘Western’ Versus ‘Islamic’ Human Rights Conceptions? A Critique of Cultural Essentialism in The Discussion on Human Rights.†Political Theory, 2000. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0090591700028001005.
Black Donal. The Behaviour of Law. New York: Academic Press, 1976.
Bravo, Luisa. “We The Public Space. Strategies to Deal with Inequalities in Order to Achieve Inclusive And Sustainable Urban Environments.†The Journal of Public Space 3, no. 1 (2018): 163–64. Https://Doi.Org/10.5204/Jps.V3i1.326.
Butt, Simon. “Religious Conservatism, Islamic Criminal Law and The Judiciary in Indonesia: A Tale of Three Courts.†Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 50, no. 3 (2018): 402–34. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/07329113.2018.1532025.
Cempaka, Ali Abu Bakar, And Badrul Munir. “Sanksi Bagi Pelaku Zina.†Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Syariah 3, no. 2 (2020). Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Petita.V3i2.54.
Detiknews. “AKKBB: Pengesahan Qanun Jinayat di NAD Melanggar HAM,†2009.
Dw. “Dua Orang Pingsan Saat Eksekusi Cambuk di Aceh, Amnesty: Kejam dan Tidak Manusiawi,†2019.
Fadlia, Faradilla, And Ismar Ramadani. “The Qanun Jinayat Discriminates Against Women (Victims of Rape) in Aceh, Indonesia.†Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 2, no. 2 (2018): 448. Https://Doi.Org/10.19184/Jseahr.V2i2.8358.
Fakhriah, Efa Laela. “Kewenangan Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Aceh Dihubungkan dengan Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia.†Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12, no. 2 (2013): 23–36. Https://Jih.Ejournal.Unri.Ac.Id/Index.Php/JIH/Article/View/1814%0Ahttps://Jih.Ejournal.Unri.Ac.Id/Index.Php/JIH/Article/Download/1814/1785.
Febriandi, Yogi, Muhammad Ansor, And Nursiti. “Seeking Justice Through Qanun Jinayat: The Narratives of Female Victims of Sexual Violence in Aceh, Indonesia.†Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 103–40. Https://Doi.Org/10.21043/QIJIS.V9I1.8029.
Hidayatullah. “Dua Non Muslim di Aceh Pilih di Cambuk,†2018.
Hrw. “Indonesia: Aceh’s New Islamic Laws Violate Rights,†2014.
Humas. “11 Terdakwa Pelanggar Syariat Aceh Tamiang Dicambuk,†2021.
Irham, Muhammad. “Kedudukan Syariat Islam di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional.†Jurnal Mentari 12, no. 1 (2009): 34.
Ismail, Endri. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Legalitas Qanun Aceh No. 6/2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat.†Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, no. 1 (2018): 123–48. Https://Doi.Org/10.24815/Kanun.V20i1.9625.
Ismawardi, I. “Syari’at Islam dalam Lingkup Keberagaman Masyarakat Aceh.†Bidayah: Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 12, no. 2 (2019): 165–82. Http://Ejournal.Staindirundeng.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Bidayah/Article/View/181.
Junaidi, Junaidi, Muhammad Rusdi Bin Muhammadiah, and Muhazir Muhazir. “Revitalisasi Penerapan Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat di Kota Langsa Aceh.†Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 14, no. 1 (2020): 147–60. Https://Doi.Org/10.24090/Mnh.V14i1.3261.
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “Qanun Jinayat of Aceh, Indonesia.†In Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law, 2019. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Oso/9780190910648.003.0024.
Krisna, L.A., I N. Nurjaya, P. Djatmika, and N. Aprilianda. “The Urgency of Harmonization of Offense Types in The Qanun Jinayat As an Effort to Avoid Dualism in Application of Law.†Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 112, no. 4 (2021): 15–21. Https://Doi.Org/10.18551/Rjoas.2021-04.02.
Mahdi. “Sistem Hukum Penegakan Qanun Jinayah di Aceh.†Media Syariah XIII, no. 2 (2011): 179–92.
Marzuki Suparman. Politik Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Erlangga, 2014.
Maulina, Putri. “Relasi Kekuasaan dalam Wacana Penerapan Qanun Jinayat di Aceh.†Source : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 3, no. 2 (2018). Https://Doi.Org/10.35308/Source.V3i2.658.
Melayu, Hasnul Arifin, Rusjdi Ali Muhammad, MD Zawawi Abu Bakar, Ihdi Karim Makinara, and Abdul Jalil Salam. “Syariat Islam dan Budaya Hukum Masyarakat di Aceh.†Media Syari’ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial 23, no. 1 (2021): 55. Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Jms.V23i1.9073.
Michael Feener, R. “Social Engineering Through Sharī’a: Islamic Law and State-Directed Da’wa in Contemporary Aceh.†Islamic Law and Society, 2012. Https://Doi.Org/10.1163/156851911X612581.
Misran, - -. “Sosialisasi Qanun Jinayat Aceh No. 6 Tahun 2014 Pada Madrasah Aliyah Blangkejeren Kabupaten Gayo Lues.†Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-Undangan dan Pranata Sosial 9, no. 1 (2019): 15. Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Dusturiyah.V9i1.4365.
Mubarrak, Husni, and Intan Dewi Kumala. “Diskriminasi terhadap Agama Minoritas: Studi Kasus di Banda Aceh.†Seurune Jurnal Psikologi Unsyiah 3, no. 2 (2020): 42–60. Https://Doi.Org/10.24815/S-Jpu.V3i2.17553.
Mudzakkir, Amin. “Islam dan Politik di Era Kontemporer.†Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 11, No. 1 (2016). Https://Doi.Org/10.21274/Epis.2016.11.1.31-48.
Nurdin, Ridwan. “Kedudukan Qanun Jinayat Aceh dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Nasional Indonesia.†Miqot: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 42, no. 2 (2019): 356. Https://Doi.Org/10.30821/Miqot.V42i2.542.
Nurdin, Ridwan, And Muhammad Ridwansyah. “Aceh, Qanun And National Law: Study on Legal Development Orientation.†Samarah 4, no. 1 (2020): 107–31. Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Sjhk.V4i1.6416.
Nurozi, Ahmad, and Dadan Muttaqien. “The Effectiveness of Crime Prevention With Corporal Punishment in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.†Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama 20, no. 2 (2021): 223–44. Https://Journal.Uii.Ac.Id/Millah/Article/View/14771.
Pemprov Aceh. “Qanun Jinayat No.6 Tahun 2014,†N.D.
Praja, Selvia Junita, and Wia Ulfa. “Implementasi Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat di Kota Banda Aceh Provinsi Aceh.†Jurnal Kebijakan Pemerintahan 3, no. 2 (2020): 11–20. Https://Doi.Org/10.33701/Jkp.V3i1.1071.
Putra, Heru Permana, and Desi Syafriani. “Otonomi Daerah dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebijakan Daerah Bernuasa Syariah di Kota Padang.†Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 118. Https://Doi.Org/10.30983/It.V3i2.2417.
Rahman, Abdul. “Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Syariat Islam di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Penerapan Qanun Jinayat di Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh).†KAIS Kajian Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 2 (2020): 91–107.
Rahmiati, Rahmiati. “Politik Hukum Terhadap Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayah.†SASI 26, no. 1 (2020): 29. Https://Doi.Org/10.47268/Sasi.V26i1.209.
Rochaeti, Nur, and Rahmi Dwi Sutanti. “Kontribusi Peradilan Adat dan Keadilan Restoratif dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia.†Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 2018. Https://Doi.Org/10.14710/Mmh.47.3.2018.198-214.
Sahara, Siti, and Meta Suriyani. “Efektifitas Penghukuman Bagi Pelaku Maisir (Perjudian) di Kota Langsa.†Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 13, no. 1 (2018): 118–38. Https://Doi.Org/10.33059/Jhsk.V13i1.697.
Sari, Cut Maya Aprita. “Pro dan Kontra Implementasi Qanun Syariat Islam di Aceh.†Jurnal Review Politik 6, no. 01 (2016): 68–89. Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Profile/Cut-Maya-Aprita-Sari/Publication/342831406_Pro_dan_Kontra_Implementasi_Qanun_Syariat_Islam_di_Aceh/Links/5f07e31c92851c52d6268daf/Pro-dan-Kontra-Implementasi-Qanun-Syariat-Islam-di-Aceh.Pdf.
Seedat, Fatima. “Sexual Economies of War And Sexual Technologies of The Body: Militarised Muslim Masculinity and The Islamist Production of Concubines or The Caliphate.†Agenda 30, no. 3 (2016): 25–38. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/10130950.2016.1275558.
Setiawan, Deni, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Zuly Qodir, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Hasse Jubba, And Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. “Pro-Kontra Kebijakan Syariat Islam di Bumi Serambi Mekkah.†Dialektika: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Ilmu Sosial 13, no .1 (2020): 22–37.
Siregar, Hasnil Basri. “Islamic Law In A National Legal System: A Study on The Implementation of Shari’ah in Aceh, Indonesia.†Asian Journal of Comparative Law 3, no. 1 (2008): 1-14. Https://Doi.Org/10.2202/1932-0205.1056.
———. “Lessons Learned from The Implementation of Islamic Shari’ah Criminal Law in Aceh, Indonesia.†Journal of Law and Religion 24, no. 1 (2009): 23-35.
Stanford, Ben. “Power to The People? Public Spaces Protection Orders, Hybrid Law And Human Rights.†SSRN Electronic Journal 12, no. 2 (2019): 234. Https://Doi.Org/10.2139/Ssrn.3442435.
Suparmin, Sudirman. “Hukuman Cambuk Terhadap Non Muslim Pelaku Jarimah di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.†Analytical Islamica 6, no. 2 (2017): 147–54.
Susantri, Yulia, And Roni Hidayat. “Perda, Qanun, dan Perdasi dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional.†Syiah Kuala Law Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 33–44. Https://Doi.Org/10.24815/Sklj.V4i1.16595.
Sweetman, Brendan. “Equality, Freedom And Religion.†The Philosophical Quarterly, 2016, Pqw033. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Pq/Pqw033.
Syafi’ie, M. “Pemikiran Organisasi Islam Tentang Penerapan Hukum Pidana Islam: Tinjauan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia.†Undang: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 2 (2020): 225–64. Https://Doi.Org/10.22437/Ujh.2.2.225-264.
Tempo. “Qanun Jinayat Aceh Juga Berlaku Untuk Non-Muslim,†2014.
Thalib, Prawitra. “Pemahaman Terhadap Pemberlakuan Hukum Islam di Indonesia.†Halu Oleo Law Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 371. Https://Doi.Org/10.33561/Holrev.V2i1.4196.
Ulya, Zaki. “Dinamika Penerapan Hukum Jinayat Sebagai Wujud Rekonstruksi Syari’at Islam di Aceh.†Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 5, no. 1 (2016): 135–48. Https://Www.Rechtsvinding.Bphn.Go.Id/Ejournal/Index.Php/Jrv/Article/View/9.
Wicaksono, Dian Agung, and Ola Anisa Ayutama. “Pengaturan Hukum Cambuk Sebagai Bentuk Pidana dalam Qanun Jinayat.†Majalah Hukum Nasional 48, no. 1 (2018): 25-37. Https://Doi.Org/10.33331/Mhn.V48i1.111.
Yuhermansyah, Edi, and Meri Andani. “Tanggapan Masyarakat Kecamatan Pulau Banyak terhadap Pemberlakuan Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat.†Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum 7, no. 1 (2018): 43. Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Legitimasi.V7i1.3964.
Zainuddin, And Sahban. “Problematics of Jinayat Qanun Implementation in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalamn Community.†Tadulako Law Review 3, no. 1 (2018): 221–34. Http://Jurnal.Untad.Ac.Id/Index.Php/TLR.
Zuhra, Nadia Maulida. “Penerapan Hukuman Cambuk Bagi Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual dalam Perkara Jinayat Dihubungkan dengan Jaminan Akan Hak Asasi Manusia Atas Rasa Aman dan Perlindungan Bagi Korban.†DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16, no. 2 (2020): 259–70. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v16i2.3668.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
