The State Legal Policies on Sharia Application in Changing Pattern of Indonesia’s Islamic Movements

Bani Syarif Maula(1*)
(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
(*) Corresponding Author
DOI : 10.30983/alhurriyah.v7i1.5455

Abstract

Legal politics are inextricably linked to power politics. Political dynamics in Indonesia are always colored by the dynamics of Islamic politics, as most Indonesians' political aspirations are influenced by Islamic views. This paper examines the evolution of Islamic law in the modern Indonesian democratic system, particularly after the reform era. Indonesia's democratisation gave rise to freedom of expression and opinion. Even today, Islamic conservatism is growing in Indonesia, but this does not mean that radical Islamist groups are gaining strength. Many political organisations, including Islamic parties and other Islamic movements, have liberated themselves and broadened their organisational philosophies in order to address broader issues and concerns. While maintaining their Islamic identity, some Islamic groups are turning towards the secularization of their goals and objectives as a means of adapting to the changing political environment. Political analysts refer to this development as post-Islamism. The current direction of Islamic politics is more accommodating aspects of democracy but still highlights its Islamic sides. This makes the government more accommodative to laws and regulations based on Islamic teachings.

Politik hukum tidak lepas dari aspek-aspek politik kekuasaan. Di Indonesia, dinamika politik juga tidak lepas dari politik Islam, karena aspirasi politik sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh pandangan Islam. Makalah ini membahas tentang perkembangan hukum Islam dalam sistem demokrasi Indonesia kontemporer, terutama setelah masa reformasi. Demokratisasi Indonesia memunculkan kebebasan berpendapat dan berekspresi. Bahkan saat ini konservatisme Islam di Indonesia semakin meningkat, namun hal itu bukan berarti menguatnya kelompok Islamis radikal. Banyak organisasi politik termasuk partai Islam dan gerakan-gerakan Islam lainnya melakukan pembebasan diri dan melakukan keterbukaan filosofi organisasi mereka untuk mengakomodasi berbagai masalah dan keprihatinan yang lebih luas. Sambil mempertahankan identitas keislamannya, beberapa kelompok Islam beralih ke arah sekularisasi tujuan dan sasaran mereka sebagai sarana untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan politik yang berubah. Analis politik menyebut perkembangan ini sebagai post-Islamisme. Arah politik Islam saat ini lebih mengakomodasi aspek-aspek demokrasi namun tetap menonjolkan sisi keislamannya. Hal ini membuat pemerintah lebih bersikap akomodatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlandaskan ajaran Islam.

Keywords


Legal Policies; Shariah Application; Indonesia

References


Abdalla, Mohammad. “Do Australian Muslims Need a Mufti? Analyzing the Institution of Ifta in the Australian Context.” In Law and Religion in Public Life: The Contemporart Debate, edited by Nadirsyah Hosen and Richard Mohr. London: Routledge, 2011.

Al-Jauziyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim. I’lām Al-Muwaqqi’īn ’an Rabb Al-‘Ālamīn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1977.

Aspinal, Edward, and Greg Fealy. “Introduction: Decentralisation, Democratisation and the Rise of the Local.” In Local Power and Politics in Indonesia: Decentralisation and Democratisation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Sutdies, 2003.

Azra, Azyumardi. Jaringan Global Dan Lokal Islam Nusantara. Bandung: Mizan, 2002.

———. Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah Dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII Dan XVIII. 3rd ed. Bandung: Mizan, 2002.

———. “Recent Developments of Indonesian Islam.” The Indonesian Quarterly 32, no. 1 (2002).

Bayat, Asef. “The Coming of a Post‐Islamist Society.” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 5, no. 9 (1996): 43–52.

Bell, Gary F. “The New Indonesian Laws Relating to Regional Autonomy: Good Intentions, Confusing Laws.” Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal 2, no. 1 (2001).

Black, Ann, and Jamila Hussain. “Responding to the Challenge of Multculturalism: Islamic Law Courses in Law School Curricula in Australia.” Flinders Journal of Law Reform 9 (2006): 205.

Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Post-Suharto Muslim Engagements with Civil Society and Democratisation,” 2003.

Buehler, Michael. “Subnational Islamization through Secular Parties: Comparing ‘Shari’a’ Politics in Two Indonesian Provinces.” Comparative Politics 46, no. 1 (2013).

Crouch, Melissa. Law and Religion in Indonesia: Conflict and the Courts in West Java. London: Routledge Curzon, 2014.

Federspiel, Howard. “Islamic Values , Law and Expectations in Contemporary Indonesia.” Islamic Law and Society 5, no. 1 (1998): 90–117.

Geertz, Clifford. Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. London: Yale Univeresity Press, 1971.

Hasan, Noorhaidi. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post-New Order Indonesia. New York: Southeast Asia Program Publications, 2006.

———. “Piety, Politics, and Post-Islamism: Dhikr Akbar in Indonesia.” Al-Jami‘ah Journal of Islamic Studies 50, no. 2 (2012).

Hassan, Husain Hamid. Al-Madkhal Li Dirāsah Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-’Arabī, 1981.

Hooker, M.B. “The State and Shari’a in Indonesia.” In Shari’a and Politics in Modern Indonesia, edited by Azyumardi Azra and Arskal Salim. Singapore: ISEAS, 2003.

Hosen, Nadirsyah, and Richard Mohr. Law and Religion in Public Life: The Contemporart Debate. London: Routledge, 2011.

Hussain, Jamila. Islam: Its Law and Society. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2011.

Intan, Benyamin Fleming. “Public Religion” and the Pancasila-Based State of Indonesia: An Ethical and Sociological Analysis. New York: Peter Lang, 2006.

Jamaa, La. “Fatwas of the Indonesian Council of Ulama and Its Contributions to the Development of Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 8, no. 1 (2018): 29–56.

Kaco H., Suardi. “Gus Dur’s Thought about Accommodation of Islamic Law and Culture.” Alhurriyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2021): 158–67.

Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Lubis, Nur Ahmad Fadhil. “The State’s Legal Policy and the Development of Islamic Law in Indonesia’s New Order.” In Shari’a and Politics in Modern Indonesia, edited by Azyumardi Azra and Arskal Salim. Singapore: ISEAS, 2003.

Madjid, Nurcholish. “In Search of Islamic Roots for Modern Pluralism: The Indonesian Experiences.” In Toward a New Paradigm: Recent Developments in Indonesian Islamic Thought, edited by Mark R. Woodward. Arizona: Arizona State University, 1996.

———. Islam, Kemodernan Dan Keindonesiaan. Bandung: Mizan, 2013.

Mahmassani, Subhi. Falsafat Tasyri’ Al-Islami. Edited by Farhat J. Ziadeh. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1961.

Manan, Bagir. Menyongsong Otonomi Daerah. Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Hukum FH UII, 2004.

Maula, Bani Syarif. “Post-Islamisme Dan Gerakan Politik Islam Dalam Sistem Demokrasi Indonesia.” Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Perundangan Islam 9, no. 1 (2019): 90–116.

Qarafī, Ahmad Ibn Idrīs al-. Syarh Tanqīh Al-Fusūl Fī Ikhtisār Al-Mahsūl Fī Al-Usūl. Cairo: Al-Matba’ah al-Khairiyyah, 1973.

Raz, Joseph. “Can There Be a Theory of Law?” In The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, edited by Martin P. Golding and William A. Edmundson. Malden, MA.: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

Sabunī, Abd al-Rahman al-, Khalifah Babakr, and Mahmud Tantawi. Al-Madkhal Ilā Al-Fiqh Wa Tārīkh Al-Tasyri‘ Al-Islāmī. Cairo: Dār al-Muslim, 1982.

Salim, Arskal. “Muslim Politics in Indonesia’s Democratisation: The Religious Majority and the Rights of Minorities in the Post-New Order Era.” In Indonesia: Democracy and the Promise of Good Governance, edited by Ross H. McLeod and Andrew MacIntyre. Singapore: ISEAS, 2007.

Sayis, Muhammad ‘Ali al-. Tārikh Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1957.

Shapiro, Scott J. Legality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Soekamto, Soerjono. Pengantar Hukum Adat Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1993.

Suntana, Ija. “From Internalization To Formalization: Islamic Law Development in Indonesia.” The Islamic Quarterly 64, no. 1 (2020): 115.

Suyūtī, Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-. Al-Asybah Wa Al-Nazā’ir. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Arabi, 1971.

Tajuddin, Azlan. “Development, Democracy, and Post-Islamism in Indonesia.” International Journal of Social Science Studie 11, no. 4 (2016).

Umam, Saeful. “Radical Muslim in Indonesia: The Case of Ja’far Umar Thalib and the Laskar Jihad.” Explorations in Southeast Asian Studies 6, no. 1 (2006).

Weiss, Bernard. “Interpretation in Islamic Law : The Theory of Ijtihād.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 26, no. 2 (1978): 199–212.

Yusuf, Imtiyaz. “The Historical Influence of Persia on Islam in Southeast Asia and the Need for Muslim Unity Today.” Media Syariah 15, no. 1 (2013).


Article Statistic

Abstract view : 198 times
PDF views : 105 times

How To Cite This :

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Bani Syarif Maula

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.