ISLAMIZATION, PIETY, FUNDAMENTALISM: RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN CAMPUS
Downloads
Religion is based on the perspective of attitudes and attention to the doctrines that apply in everyday life. On its journey, diversity is often a symbol and goal of achieving certain interests. However, sometimes he often raises conflicts within the structure of society. Power and religion sometimes cannot be united, which results in friction between the authorities and their people. In this regard, the existence of this study wants to highlight the dynamics of intellectual diversity in public space. They want to fight for religious rights that have been ruled out by the government. So that with the metamorphosed Tarbiyah movement being campus preaching, they have directed a non-confrontational movement that fights Islam in the public space by taking mosque settings as the foundation of religious idealism in the modern era. The rise of campus preaching in various universities throughout Indonesia originated from the concerns of Islamic activists on the impartiality of the authorities in a system based on religious guidance. Especially in the era of the 70s when the New Order replaced the Old Order, many actions were contrary to Islamic norms. The further development of the preaching of this campus is growing rapidly, as a result there is a new Islamic model conducted by students who try to instill an ethical system to the community. This study uses a qualitative method that combines literature sources with a phenomenological approach that refers to field data. Therefore the final result of this study presents the religious aspirations of young intellectuals in their relations with the political interests of the ruler who display modern piety attitudes that process into contemporary Islamic models in the public sphere.
Â
Keberagamaan didasarkan pada perspektif sikap dan atensi atas doktrin yang berlaku di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pada perjalanannya, keberagamaan seringkali menjadi simbol dan tujuan mencapai kepentingan tertentu. Namun, adakalanya ia kerap memunculkan pertentangan di dalam struktur masyarakat. Kekuasaan dan agama terkadang tidak bisa disatukan, yang berakibat pada gesekan antara penguasa dengan rakyatnya. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, adanya penelitian ini ingin menyoroti dinamika keberagamaan kaum intelektual di ruang publik. Mereka ingin memperjuangkan keberagamaan yang selama ini dikesampingkan penguasa. Sehingga dengan gerakan Tarbiyah yang bermetamorfosa menjadi dakwah kampus, mereka telah mengarahkan pada suatu gerakan non-konfrontatif yang memperjuangkan Islam di ruang publik dengan mengambil setting masjid sebagai landasan idealisme keberagamaan di era modern. Maraknya dakwah kampus di berbagai universitas di seluruh Indonesia berawal dari keprihatinan para aktivis Islam terhadap keberpihakan penguasa pada liberalisasi nilai dan moral. Terlebih di era 70-an saat Orde Baru menggantikan Orde Lama, banyak sekali tindakan-tindakan yang bertentangan dengan norma Islam. Perkembangan selanjutnya, dakwah kampus ini berkembang dengan pesat, akibatnya terjadi model keislaman baru yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa yang mencoba menanamkan sistem etika kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang memadukan sumber-sumber pustaka dengan pendekatan fenomenologis yang mengacu dari data lapangan. Oleh karena itu, hasil akhir penelitian ini menyuguhkan aspirasi keberagamaan kaum intelektual muda dalam persinggungannya dengan kepentingan politik penguasa yang menampilkan sikap-sikap kesalehan modern yang berproses menjadi model Islamisasi kontemporer di ruang publik.
Ariel Heryanto, Sumit K.Mandal. Challenging Authoritarianisme in Southeast Asia Comparing Indonesia and Malaysia. (New York: Routledge, 2003).
Ashiddiqie, Jimly. Bang Imad: Pemikiran dan Gerakan Dakwahnya. (Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2002).
—. Pergolakan Politik Islam : Dari Fundamentalisme, Modernisme hingga Post-Modernisme . (Jakarta: Paramadina, 1996).
Baran, Zeyno. Hizbut Tahrir:Islam’s Political Insurgency. (Washington: The Nixon Center, 2004).
Bayat, Asef. Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North . (US: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Bustaman-Ahmad, Kamaruzzaman. Relasi Islam dan Negara: Perspektif Modernis dan Fundamentalis. (Jakarta: Indonesiatera, 2001).
Damanik, Ali Said. Fenomena Partai Keadilan : Transformasi 20 Tahun Gerakan Tarbiyah di Indonesia . (Jakarta: Teraju, 2002).
Edelman, Joshua. Performing Religion in Public. (UK & US: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).
Giddens, Anthony. New Rules of Sociological Method. (California: Stanford University Press, 1993).
Hassan, Riaz. “ On Being Religious : Pattern of Religious Commitment in Muslim Societies.†The Muslim World, 2007: 437-478.
Hefner, Robert. Civil Islam : Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia . (UK: Priceton University Press, 2000).
M.Choueiri, Youssef. Islamic fundalmentalism : The Story of Islamic Movemennt. (New York: Continuum Intenational Publishing, 2010).
Mandaville, Peter. Global Political Islam. (London: Routledge, 2007).
Meuleman, Johan. Islam in the Era of Globalization : Muslim Attitudes Towards Modermity and Identity . (London & New York: Routledge, 2002).
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin. Dilema PKS: Suara dan Syariah . (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2012).
Pepinksy, Thomas. Piety and Public Opinion: Understanding Indonesian Islam. (UK: Oxford University Press, 2002).
Pringle, Robert. Understanding Islam in Indonesia: Politics and Diversity. (Singapore: Didier Millet PTE LTD, 2010).
Rahmat, M. Imdadun. Arus Baru Islam Radikal : Transmisi Revivalisme Islam Timur Tengah ke Indonesia. (Jakarta: Erlangga, 2007).
Rakhmani, Inaya. Mainstreaming Islam in Indonesia : Television, Identity, and the Middle Class. (US: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
Rippin. Muslim : Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. (London: Routledge, 2005).
Robert W.Hefner. Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestaton, Democratization. (US: Princetion University Press, 2004).
Robert W.Hefner, Patricia Horvatich. Islam in Era Of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia. (Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997).
Journals
Abaza, Mona. "More on the Shifting Worlds of Islam. the Middle East and Southeast Asia: A Troubled Relationship?" The Muslim World, vol. 97, no. 3, 2007.
Anugrah, Iqra ."Islam in Contention: Rethinking Islam and State in Indonesia."Indonesia, no. 95, 2013.
A. Douglas, Stephen. "Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam and the Ideology of Tolerance." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 56, no. 1, 1997.
Aspinall, Edward. "The Surprising Democratic Behemoth: Indonesia in Comparative Asian Perspective." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 74, no. 4, 2015.
_______."The Irony Of Success." Journal of Democracy, vol. 21, no. 2, 2010.
Benita, Parry. “What is left in Postcolonial Studiesâ€, New Literary History, 43(2), 2012.
Benson, Rodney. "Shaping the Public Sphere: Habermas and Beyond." The American Sociologist, vol. 40, no. 3, 2009.
Brodeur, Patrice C. "Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia." The Muslim World, vol. 92, no. 1, 2002.
Doorn-Harder, Nelly van. "Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia." Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 130, no. 1, 2010.
Euben, Roxanne L.. "Premodern, Antimodern, Or Postmodern? Islamic and Western Critiques of Modernity." The Review of Politics, vol. 59, no. 3, 1997.
Federspiel, Howard M. "Modernist Islam in Southeast Asia: A New Examination." The Muslim World, vol. 92, no. 3, 2002.
Formichi, Chiara. "Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, Ideas, and Value." Indonesia, no. 103, 2017.
Fuller, Elizabeth. "Islam and the Habits of Democracy:Islamic Organizations In Post-New Order." Indonesia, no. 78, 2004.
George, Kenneth M. "Designs on Indonesia's Muslim Communities." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 57, no. 3, 1998.
Hamayotsu, Kikue. "The Political Rise of the Prosperous Justice Party in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia." Asian Survey, vol. 51, no. 5, 2011.
Hefner, Robert W. "Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam and the Ideology of Tolerance." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 58, no. 1, 1999.
_______. "Islamizing Java? Religion and Politics in Rural East Java." The Journal of Asian Studies (1986-1998), vol. 46, no. 3, 1987.
________, Zachary Abuza, and Gerry van Klinken. "Religion and Violence in Post-Soeharto Indonesia." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 67, no. 2, 2008.
Howell, Julia D. "Sufism and the Indonesian Islamic Revival." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 60, no. 3, 2001.
Gibson, Thomas. "Islam and the Spirit Cults in New Order Indonesia: Global Flows Vs. Local Knowledge." Indonesia, no. 69, 2000.
Gupta, Atreyee "Cosmopolitan Modernism and a Politics of the Self in Muslim South Asia." Art Journal, vol. 71, no. 3, 2012.
Hopwood, Derek. "Albert Hourani: Islam, Christianity and Orientalism." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, 2003.
Kersten, Carool. "Islamic Post-Traditionalism: Postcolonial and Postmodern Religious Discourse in Indonesia." Sophia, vol. 54, no. 4, 2015, p. 473-489.
Lape, Peter. "Focus on Islam IV: Archaeological Approaches to the Study of Islam in Island Southeast Asia." Antiquity, vol. 79, no. 306, 2005.
Liddle, William. "The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 55, no. 3, 1996.
Lipovsky, Igor. "The Awakening of Central Asian Islam." Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 32, no. 3, 1996.
MacDonald, Scott B. and Jonathan Lemco. "Political Islam in Southeast Asia."Current History, vol. 101, no. 658, 11, 2002.
Mamdani, Mahmood. "Whither Political Islam?; the War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West." Foreign Affairs, vol. 84, no. 1, Jan, 2005.
Martin, Richard C. "Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia." The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 61, no. 2, 2002.
Mujani, Saiful and William Liddle. "Muslim Indonesia's Secular Democracy." Asian Survey, vol. 49, no. 4, 2009.
Nasr, Vali. "The Rise Of "Muslim Democracy"." Journal of Democracy, vol. 16, no. 2, 2005.
Rasyid Baswedan, Anies. "Political Islam in Indonesia: Present and Future Trajectory." Asian Survey, vol. 44, no. 5, 2004.
Reddy, Sanjay G. "The Dilemmas of Globalization." Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 15, no. 1, 2001.
Rochmyaningsih, Dyna. "Focus on Political Islamic Groups to Boost Science." Nature, vol. 518, no. 7540, 2015.
Safei, Agus A. "In A Nation Of Muslims Political Islam Is struggling To Win Vote: Role Of Islam and The Political Crisis in Indonesia."International Journal of Arts & Sciences, vol. 8, no. 7, 2015.
Schatz, Edward. "Islamism and Anti-Americanism in Central Asia." Current History, vol. 101, no. 657, 10, 2002.
Sirry, Mun'im. "The Public Expression of Traditional Islam: The Pesantren and Civil Society in Post-Suharto Indonesia." The Muslim World, vol. 100, no. 1, 2010.
Starret, Gregory. “The Varieties of Secular Experience.†Society for the Comparative Study od Society and History, 2010: 626-651.
Tobias, Saul. "Pragmatic Pluralism: Arendt, Cosmopolitanism, and Religion." Sophia, vol. 50, no. 1, 2011.
Ufen, Andreas. "Party Systems, Critical Junctures, and Cleavages in Southeast Asia."Asian Survey, vol. 52, no. 3, 2012.
Vyver, van der. "Religious Fundamentalism and Human Rights." Journal of International Affairs, vol. 50, no. 1, 1996.
Watson, "Islamic Books and their Publishers: Notes on the Contemporary Indonesian Scene." Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 16, no. 2, 2005.
Weintraub, Andrew. "'Dance Drills, Faith Spills': Islam, Body Politics, and Popular Music in Post-Suharto Indonesia." Popular Music, vol. 27, no. 3, 2008.
Weismann, Itzchak. "Modernity from within: Islamic Fundamentalism and Sufism."Der Islam, vol. 86, no. 1, 2011.
Wieringa. "Islam and Popular Culture in Indonesia and Malaysia." Der Islam, vol. 90, no. 2, 2013.
Wiktorowicz, Quintain. "The Future of Islam in the Middle East: Fundamentalism in Egypt, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia / Islamism, Secularism, and Human Rights in the Middle East." International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 33, no. 1, 2001.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).