Comparative Study of Religious Understandings of Persatuan Umat Islam (PUI) and Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah (Review of Similarities and Differences in Building Ukhuwah Islamiyah)
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The phenomenon of the diversity of religious understandings of Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia promotes a variety of attitudes in the midst of society. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of a comparative study of religious understanding of Persatuan Umat Islam (PUI) and Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah reviewing the similarities and differences in building ukhuwah Islamiyah. This study employed a qualitative approach and a descriptive method. In relation to the data collection techniques, this study employed several techniques such as interviews, observation, and documentation study. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is obvious that the historical background of the establishment of PUI and Al-Irsyad was definitely different with each other. PUI was established as a result of blending the two different Islamic organizations. On the other hand, al-Irsyad was established as the continuation of the former organization called Jamiatul Khair. With respect to the faith understandings, both PUI and al-Irsyad adopted the same understanding, Aqidah ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah. In the realm of worship practices, PUI adopted the understanding of the Shafi'i schools of thought, while Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah referred directly to the Qur'an and the Sunnah through the understanding of their scholars. In addition, in understanding Tasawwuf, PUI provided flexibility to each individual in regard to the tarekat involvement, while Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah in principle did not adopt the concept of Tasawwuf. Al-Salam, Ishlah al-Samaniyah, santri asromo, santri lucu and intisab were considered as a series of unique concepts adopted by PUI. On the other hand, the initial basic principle of the Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah movement was to realize equality in the lives of fellow Muslims based on the understandings as postulated within the Quran and the Sunnah, and to remove the innovation practices (bid'ah) in terms of the faith as stated in the mabadi of Al-Irsyad. In terms of the charitable efforts, these two organizations put more concern primarily on the realms of religion, education, economy, and social. Therefore, as the implication of this issue, the society will behave wisely in regard to the differences in Islamic understandings of Islamic mass organizations in the midst of society.
Fenomena beragamnya paham keagamaan organisasi massa Islam yang ada di Indonesia menimbulkan beragam sikap di tengah-tengah kehidupan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hasil studi komparasi pemahaman keagamaan Persatuan Umat Islam dan Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah tinjauan persamaan dan perbedaan dalam membangun ukhuwah Islamiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Data-data yang sudah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis melalui analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat perbedaan sejarah berdirinya PUI dan Al-Irsyad. PUI terlahir dari gabungan 2 ormas Islam yang berbeda, adapun Al-Irsyad terlahir dari ormas Jamiatul Khair. Dalam pemahaman ‘aqidah, PUI dan Al-Irsyad sama-sama menganut paham ‘aqidah Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah. Dalam pengamalan ibadah, PUI mengadopsi pemahaman madzhab Syafi’i rahimahullah, adapun Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah merujuk langsung kepada al-Qur’an dan Sunnah melalui pemahaman ulama mereka. Dalam pemahaman Tasawuf, PUI memberikan keleluasaan kepada pribadi masing-masing untuk mengikuti tarekat manapun, adapun Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah secara pemahaman tidak mengadopsi konsep tasawuf. PUI memiliki prinsip khas yakni konsep al-Salam, Ishlah al-Samaniyah, santri asromo, santri lucu dan intisab. Adapun prinsip pokok awal gerakan Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah yakni mewujudkan kesetaraan dalam kehidupan sesama muslim berdasar pemahaman yang bersumber dari al-Quran dan sunnah, menumpas praktik bid’ah dalam hal akidah sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam mabadi Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah. Dari segi amal usaha kedua ormas ini memiliki kesamaan dalam bidang keagamaan, pendidikan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Implikasinya dalam menyikapi perbedaan paham keagamaan ormas Islam di tengah-tengah masyarakat akan semakin bijaksana.
Books
Falah, Miftahul, Riwayat Perjuangan K.H. Ahmad Sanusi (Sukabumi: Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia Cabang Jawa Barat, 2009)
———, Riwayat Perjuangan KH. Abdul Halim (Jawa Barat: Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia Cabang Jawa Barat, 2008)
Hernawan, Wawan, Seabad Persatuan Ummat Islam (1911-2011) (Bandung: Yayasan Sejarawan Masyarakat Indonesia (YMSI) Cabang Jawa Barat dan PUI Jawa Barat, 2014)
______, Persjarikatan Oelama dan Al-Ittihadijatoel Islamijjah : Analisis Historis Organisasi Cikal Bakal Persatuan Ummat Islam (1911-1952) (Bandung: Universitas Sunan Gunung Djati, 2013).
Journals
Abushouk, Ahmed Ibrahim, ‘An African Scholar in the Netherlands East Indies : Al- Shaykh Ahmad Surkitti (1876 – 1943) and His Life, Thoughts, and Reforms’, Islamic Africa 2. 2 (2011), 23–50. <https://doi.org/10.5192/21540993020223>
Alfandi, M, ‘Prasangka : Potensi Pemicu Konflik Internal Umat Islam’ Walisongo 21. 1 (2013), 113–40
Anshori, Cecep Sudirman, ‘Ukhuwah Islamiyah Sebagai Fondasi Terwujudnya Organisasi Yang Mandiri dan Profesional’, Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam - Ta’lim, 14. 1 (2016), 117–25.
Arfan, Abbas, and Fariz Zul Fahmi, ‘Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Latar Belakang Sekolah terhadap Toleransi Perbedaan Madzhab Fiqh’, De Jure : Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah, 3. 2 (2011), 101–13.
Arib, Maqbul, ‘Dakwah di Tengah Keragaman dan Perbedaan Umat Islam’, Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh, 15. 1 (2014), 35–49.
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Fauzi, Abdul Aziz bin, “Dinamika Gerakan Al Irsyad dalam Mempengaruhi Perubahan Sosial Warga Keturunan Arab Kampong Ampel Surabaya Utara’, Antropologi, 2. 1 (2013), 222–31.
Ghofur, Abd., 'Kebangkitan Islam di Indonesia (Tela'ah Tentang Munculnya Ormas Islam Awal Abad 20 M)', Toleransi, 4. 2 (2012), 115-131.
Hernawan, Wawan, ‘Abdul Halim and His Movement (1911-1962) Seeking Historical Roots of Persatuan Ummat Islam (PUI) Movement’, International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 2. 1 (2008), 42–53.
Hernawan, Wawan, and Erba Rosalina Yulianti, ‘Politik dalam Pemikiran KH. Abdul Halim (1887-1962) : Ide dan Gerakan’, Jurnal Ushuluddin, 25. 2 (2017), 153–71. <https://doi.org/10.24014/jush.v25i2.4027>
Hidayat, Adi, ‘Persatuan Umat : Telaah Ma’anil Hadis’, Riwayah, 1. 2 (2015), 331–50.
Hidayat, Tatang, and Endis Firdaus, ‘Analisis Atas Terbentuknya Madzhab Fikih, Ilmu Kalam, dan Tasawuf Serta Implikasinya dalam Membangun Ukhuwah Islamiyah’, Al-Ishlah : Jurnal Pendidikan, 10. 2 (2018), 255–77. <http://journal.staihubbulwathan.id/index.php/alishlah/article/view/81/82>.
Isnaenih, Erni, ‘Profil Organisasi Wanita Persatuan Ummat Islam (Wanita PUI) Tahun 2000 An’, Religious : Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 3. 1 (2018), 28–44.
Jinan, Mutohharun, ‘Dilema Gerakan Pemurnian Islam’, Ishraqi, 4. 1 (2008), 57–72.
Mufid, Ahmad Syafi’i, ‘Paham Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama’ah dan Tantangan Kontemporer dalam Pemikiran dan Gerakan Islam di Indonesia’, Jurnal Multikultural & Multireligius, 12. 3 (2013), 8–18.
Muhammad, Wildan Imaduddin, ‘Ormas Islam di Jawa Barat dan Pergerakannya ; Studi Kasus Persis dan PUI’, Analisis, 16. 2 (2016), 75–98.
Nasution, Muhammad Mahmud, ‘Tarawih dan Tahajjud (Tinjauan Persamaan dan Perbedaan dalam Pelaksanaan dan Keutamaan)’, Fitrah, 1. 2 (2015), 219–28.
Nurmaningtyas, Faizah, ‘Nilai Kebangsaan Pendidikan Islam dalam Perspektif Shaykh Ahmad Surkati, Episteme, 8. 2 (2013), 451–77.
Padmo, Soegijanto, ‘Gerakan Pembaharuan Islam Indonesia dari Masa Ke Masa : Sebuah Pengantar’, Humaniora, 19. 2 (2007), 151–60.
Suhanah, ‘Dampak Sosial Perbedaan Pendapat dalam Penentuan Awal Ramadhan dan 1 Syawal terhadap Umat Islam di Kota Semarang’, Jurnal Multikultural dan Multireligius, 11.1 (2004), 156–68.
Suriana, Sri, ‘Peranan Ahmad Surkati dalam Gerakan Pembaharuan Islam Melalui Perhimpunan Al-Irsyad 1914-1943’, Medina, 13. 2 (2017), 119–35.
Syakirin, ‘Peran Masjid dalam Mempersatukan Umat Islam : Studi Kasus Masjid Al-Fatah, Pucangan, Kartasura’, Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi, 3. 1 (2018), 127–48.
Syarif, Umar, ‘Gerakan Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam : Studi Komparasi Pergerakan Islam Indonesia antara Syekh Ahmad Surkatiy dan KH. Ahmad Dahlan’, Jurnal Reflektika, 13. 1 (2017), 74–95.
Zukhdi, Muhammad, ‘Dinamika Perbedaan Madzhab dalam Islam (Studi Terhadap Pengamalan Madzhab di Aceh)’, Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 17. 1 (2017), 121–49.
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Thesis
Ahyar, Santi Susantri, 'Pembelajaran Muatan Lokal Ke PUI An “Persatuan Umat Islam†Sebagai Upaya Menanamkan Kesadaran Sejarah (Penelitian Naturalistik Inkuiri di SMA Prakarya Kab. Majalengka)' {unpublish magister thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 2015}
Amrullah, Yasir, 'Sejarah Perkembangan Persatuan Ummat Islam' {unpublish bachelor thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, 2001}
Dikriansyah, Fikri, 'Doktrin Intisab PUI Sebagai Sarana Penguatan Militansi Kader (Studi Sejarah Organisasi Islam di Jawa Barat)' {unpublish bachelor thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 2018}
Latif, Jaja Najarudin, ‘Perkembangan Persatuan Umat Islam (PUI) 1952-1960 antara Pendidikan dan Politik’ {unpublish doctoral thesis, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 1991}
Maela, Dede, 'Konsep Persatuan dalam Organisasi Persatuan Ummat Islam (PUI) (Studi terhadap Organisasi Persatuan Ummat Islam Jawa Barat)' {unpublish bachelor thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung, 2014}
Miftahuddin, 'Dinamika Komunitas Diaspora Hadrami dalam Gerakan Al-Irsyad di Indonesia 1945-2007' {unpublish doctoral thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta 2017}
Mudasir, 'Pemikiran Syaikh Ahmad Assurkati Al-Anshari dan Dampaknya terhadap Keturunan Arab di Indonesia' {unpublish bachelor thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, 2014}
Interview
Firdaus, Endis, (PUI Leader), Interview {Sunday, 19 April 2018}
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